CASE 186

History: A 51-year-old man presents with dysphagia.

1. What should be included in the differential diagnosis of the imaging finding shown in Figure A? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Achalasia

B. Presbyesophagus

C. Esophageal spasm

D. Paraneoplastic syndrome

E. Postvagotomy syndrome

2. What is the most common systemic disorder that may be complicated by esophageal motility dysfunction?

A. Neoplastic disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Chagas’ disease

D. Scleroderma

3. What is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome?

A. Abdominal distention

B. Hematochezia

C. Dysphagia

D. Diarrhea

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