Case 1: PI-RADS 2 Lesion Corresponding to High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia 12.1.1 History A 58-year-old man with a rising PSA level (4.1 ng/mL) and no prior prostate biopsy ( ▶ Fig….
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical TNM staging classification of prostate cancer. Stage definition Primary tumor (T) clinical Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary…
Clinical Background on Prostate Cancer Recurrence Radical prostatectomy (RP) remains the most common primary treatment for primary localized prostate cancer (PCa) and offers definitive cure in most patients. Primary whole…
What is Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI? Angiogenesis is a key step for cancer growth and is characterized by blood vessel proliferation that is induced in response to high needs for oxygen…
Hardware Requirements 3.2.1 Field Strength Though initially established at 1.5 T, 1 mpMRI of the prostate is increasingly performed at 3.0 T in both clinical and research settings. 2, 3 The…
Technical Aspects Conventional MRI is based on the 1H signal from water (1H2O). Water molecules of the body have constant random brownian motion, a property that is explored by DWI….
Prebiopsy Planning The large majority of prostate cancer cases are multifocal, comprising numerous tumor foci within the gland. Nevertheless, prostate cancer may be regarded as a biologically unifocal disease, in…
In an adult male without significant hyperplasia, the average weight of the prostate gland is approximately 20 to 30 g. It is shaped as an inverted cone, with the base…
PI-RADS Assessment Based on the current uses and capabilities of mpMRI and MRI-targeted procedures, PI-RADS v2 defines clinically significant cancer on pathology as those tumors that have a Gleason score…
Current Practices in Active Surveillance Active surveillance is a management strategy designed to identify prostate cancer patients who are low risk of cancer progression and to intervene with active treatment…