CASE 35
History: A 32-year-old patient undergoes routine prenatal second-trimester ultrasound screening.
1. Which second-trimester ultrasound markers aid in detecting Down syndrome? (Choose all that apply.)
C. Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF)
D. Pyelectasis
2. Which of the following statements regarding EIF is true?
A. It is a highly specific marker for Down syndrome.
B. It can be seen in normal fetuses.
C. It is best detected when the fetal heart is horizontal with respect to the ultrasound beam.
D. Any echogenic focus is significant.
3. To evaluate the nasal bone correctly in the second trimester, what should the angle of insonation be from the longitudinal axis of the fetal nose?
A. 45 degrees
B. 60 degrees
C. 90 degrees
D. 75 degrees
4. How is pyelectasis defined in the second trimester?
A. Renal pelvis anteroposterior (AP) dimension 4 mm or greater in transverse plane
B. Renal pelvis AP dimension 2 mm or greater in transverse plane
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