CASE 49

History: A 42-year-old man presents with heartburn.

1. Which of the following should be included in the differential diagnosis of the imaging finding shown in the figure? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Shatzki rings

B. Feline esophagus

C. Ringed esophagus

D. Fixed transverse folds

E. Thickened folds of esophagitis

2. What is the cause of feline esophagus?

A. Scarring of the longitudinal muscularis mucosa

B. Membranous rings due to hypertrophied muscularis

C. Transient spasm of the longitudinal muscularis mucosa

D. Transient spasm of the circular muscularis mucosa

3. The ringed esophagus, a segment of fixed transverse folds, is a recognized finding in eosinophilic esophagitis. Which of the following statements regarding eosinophilic esophagitis is true?

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