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Medulla

Main Text

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

• Cranial nerves (CN)

Trigeminal nerve (CNV)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

Vagus nerve (CNX)

Accessory nerve (CNXI)

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

Definitions

• Medulla: Caudal brainstem, transition from spinal cord to brain

GROSS ANATOMY

Overview

• Caudal part of brainstem composed of gray matter formations, CN nuclei (CNIX-CNXII), and white matter tracts

Located between pons (superiorly) and spinal cord

4th ventricle and cerebellum dorsal to medulla

Caudal border: 1st cervical nerves
• Medulla subdivided into 2 main parts

Ventral (anterior) medulla: Olive and pyramidal tract

Tegmentum (dorsal): CN nuclei and white matter tracts
• Medulla may also be divided into rostral (superior) defined by 4th ventricle (open) and caudal (inferior) defined by central canal (closed portion)
• Medulla external features

Pyramid

– Paired structure on anterior surface, separated in midline by ventral median fissure

– Contains ipsilateral corticospinal tracts prior to decussation more inferiorly

Olive

– Medullary olives are lateral to pyramids, separated by ventrolateral sulcus (preolivary sulcus)

– Formed by underlying inferior olivary complex of nuclei

– Posterolateral sulcus (postolivary sulcus) is lateral to olives

Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)

– Arise from superior aspect of dorsal medulla; peduncles diverge and incline to enter cerebellar hemispheres

– Nuclei of CNVIII located along dorsal surface

Gracile and cuneate tubercles

– Form lower aspect of dorsal medulla

– Produced by paired nuclei gracilis (medial) and cuneatus (lateral)

– Dorsal median sulcus separates gracile tubercles
• 4th ventricle

Dorsal median sulcus divides ventricular floor longitudinally

Terminates in caudal medulla

Roof formed by superior and inferior medullary velum

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Mar 13, 2021 | Posted by admin in NUCLEAR MEDICINE | Comments Off

Main Text

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

GROSS ANATOMY

Overview

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Medulla

Medulla

Definitions

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Medulla

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