Cardiac changes
Vascular changes
Heart weight
↑
Arterial wall thickness (intima-media)
↑
Cardiomyocyte dimensions
↑
Subendothelial collagen
↑
Cardiomyocyte number
↓
Elastin
↑
Collagen in cross-linking
↑
Elastin fragmentation
↑
Ejection fraction
=
Proteoglycans
↑
Stroke volume
=
MMP activity
↑
Cardiac output
=
Intimai migration/proliferation of VSMC
↑
Early diastolic filling
↓
Arterial distensibility
↓
End-diastolic filling
↑
Pulse wave velocity
↑
Chronotropic responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimuli/catecholamines
↓
Total peripheral resistance
↑
Inotropic responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimuli/catecholamines
↓
Endothelial permeability
↑
Inotropic response to digitalis glycosides
↓
Endothelial nitric oxide release
↓
Peak cardiac output to maximal effort
↓
Inflammatory markers/mediators
↑
Lusitropic function
Related posts:
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Epidemiology of Coronary Heart Disease in the Elderly
The Role of Geriatric Preconditions (Frailty and Disability) in Elderly Patients and Its Possible Impact on Interventions
Pulmonary Hypertension in the Elderly: Impact of Age on Diagnosis and Therapy Options
Non-coronary Interventions in the Elderly
Coronary Interventions in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
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