Which of the following cardiac imaging studies deliver the highest estimated effective radiation dose?

Quantitative bias that refers to the underestimation of counts density which differs from what they should be is called the partial-volume effect (PVE). Which of the following statements describing the PVE is TRUE?

Truncation is the source of streaking artifacts at the edge of the CT image. The presence of streaking artifacts:

All of the following are the most commonly seen artifacts on PET/CT images EXCEPT:

The inverse of the mean distance traveled by photons before they deposit energy in the crystal is called:

Post-processing measures such as scaling, segmentation, or a combination of the two has been used in the PET/CT systems in order to:

The reconstruction method in which the comparison is made between the numerical projection data and the measured projection data in a feedback loop is called:

Which of the following statements describing the role of PET in the diagnostic work-up of patients with melanoma is FALSE?

According to the Practice of Medicine and Pharmacy laws, all the clinical FDG-PET imaging work is complete by prescription by a physician and dispensing by registered:

If a radiopharmaceutical has a physical half-life of 110 min, and a biological half-life of 6 h, what is the effective half-life of the radiopharmaceutical in hours?

Choose the correct interpretation of this ECG (Fig. 3.1):

The temporal improvement in contractile function of a dysfunctional myocardial region after restoration of blood flow describes:

Linear attenuation coefficient determines the scintillator:

Administration/consumption of which of the following before F-18 FDG dosing will DECREASE uptake of the radiotracer by BAT (Brown Adipose Tissue)?

The breathing protocols applied during PET/CT acquisition, e.g., respiratory gating, the breath-hold at inspiration protocol, and the shallow breathing protocol are utilized to eliminate:

In which of the following clinical circumstances is the application of standardized uptake value (SUV) most likely to be useless?

Which of the following scintillators is commercially available in a time-of-flight (TOF) PET imaging?

Administration of water-equivalent contrast agent when performing PET/CT imaging:

The presented PET MIP image in Fig. 3.2 was obtained in routine PET/CT examination. Which of the following expressions can be found in the body of the radiologist’s report describing the exam’s findings?

Calculate a 14-year-old child’s dose for a PET scan using Webster’s formula with the following parameters:

Adult dose—13 mCi

Child’s weight—149 lb

Child’s height—5′ 6″

A state of chronically reduced contractility in viable myocardial tissue, caused by prolonged or repetitive reductions in myocardial flow, is called:

The 2010 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) of American Heart Association (AHA) recommend in adults a compression depth of at LEAST:

If a truncated CT scan is used for the attenuation correction of a larger transaxial field of view PET scan, the activity estimates outside the measured CT field of view will be:

A global reduction in the brain function assessed by F-18 FDG uptake is observed in:

Medicare reimbursement for PET-FDG Myocardial Viability imaging is available in all of the following settings EXCEPT:

The histological presence of extracellular β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the cerebral cortex defines:

In the typical PET/CT acquisition, the CT component is performed as:

Ovarian uptake of F-18 FDG in a postmenopausal patient indicates:

Which of the following radiopharmaceuticals has been developed as the PET tracer to measure a cell proliferation rate?

Calculate the percent error using the following results obtained from the geometry test on the dose calibrator:

Reference 4 ml volume reading is 1.9 mCi

Actual 20 ml volume reading 1.68 mCi

Figure 3.3 is a routine cardiogram from a hospitalized patient. Interpret this tracing.

An area of focal FDG uptake in the lungs, without corresponding finding on CT scan, can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

The main stream of X-ray photons generated in the X-ray tube is described as:

A group of ROIs through planes, which define a three-dimensional region of relevance, is called:

Coincidence events registered in PET acquisition and defined as prompt counts include:

An analytic reconstruction algorithm that assigns the values in the projection to all points along the line of acquisition through the image plane from which they were acquired is known as:

Quality control testing for PET agents that involves decay analysis in a dose calibrator for a defined period of time is called:

The following are examples of oral hypoglycemic drugs EXCEPT:

C-11 L-leucine, C-11 L-methionine, and C-11 L-tyrosine were developed as the PET tracers to assess:

Which of the following patient’s medications can be responsible for the findings presented on the coronal maximum-intensity projection PET image (Fig. 3.4)?

Decreased myocardial blood flow combined with decreased myocardial ­glucose metabolism indicates the presence of:

The parietal lobe of the brain is located behind the frontal lobe and controls:

The PET scanner quality control procedure in which data are used to compensate for the variation in efficiency in each line of response (LOR) in the sinogram is called:

The following statements correctly describe the standardized uptake value (SUV) in reconstructed PET images EXCEPT:

The total attenuation is the sum of the attenuation due to different types of interactions and includes all of the following EXCEPT:

If the collected data follow a Gaussian distribution, 68% of gathered values will be within:

The parameter of the CT scanner defined as the ratio of the table feed per gantry rotation to the total X-ray beam width is called:

A substitution radioactive for nonradioactive element in a biologically active PET tracer molecule without altering its biologic properties is called:

F-18 fluoroestradiol (FES) was developed as the PET tracer to assess:

How many atoms disintegrating per second are measured by one becquerel?

Which of the following statements describing properties of the survey meters routinely used in the NM departments is FALSE?

The accessory organs of the digestive system include the:

A linear transformation of the initial linear attenuation coefficient measurement into one in which the radiodensity of distilled water and the radiodensity of air at standard pressure and temperature (STP) is equal to 0 and −1,000 accordingly is called:

The capacity to overlay data from distinct sources that will map a pixel from one source into a pixel from the other is called:

Two photons arising from two annihilation events and detected within each other’s coincidence window are:

The following tests can be used to assess the ability of the device to reproducibly records detected events EXCEPT:

The dose calibrator quality control procedure performed with different sealed radionuclides is called:

Which of the following radionuclides commonly used in PET imaging has the lowest positron range in water?

The Cotswold system (formerly the Ann Arbor Staging System) applies to both Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and divides them into:

The diagram for the process of positron–electron annihilation is shown in the Fig. 3.5. Which of the following labels identifies the positron-emitting nucleus?

When handling a minor radioactive spill the technologists should perform the following sequence of events:

Which of the following histopathological types of the gastric carcinoma is associated with the low F-18 FDG uptake?

Which of the following scintillators commonly used in PET has the highest light output?

Low carbohydrate and a high protein diet favor the metabolism of:

The energy of the X-ray photons produced by the CT X-ray tube is controlled by the:

Urinary bladder catheterization prior to PET imaging might be required for patients diagnosed with:

Which of the following statements describing F-18 FDG uptake in gallbladder/biliary tract is FALSE?

In the process of differentiation between residual viable or recurrent tumor and radiation necrosis in patients with treated primary or metastatic CNS brain tumor, absence of FDG uptake in the region of interest indicates:

Which of the following statements describing the clinical utility of PET/CT-FDG imaging vs. PET-FDG imaging is FALSE?

In the image in Fig. 3.6 shown below, what structure is depicted by line “c”?

What sign should be posted in an area accessible to personnel in which a major portion of the body of a person could receive a dose in excess of 100 mrem in 1 h?

The three main divisions of the large intestine are the:

The following methods are employed in the quantitative PET F-18 FDG studies EXCEPT:

A group of naturally occurring glycoproteins that regulates the production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hematopoietic cells are called:

PET images that are distinguished by “hot skin” and the manifestation of the lungs with high tracer uptake and the low tracer concentrations in the mediastinum are:

The pharmacological effect of dipyridamole or adenosine can be reversed by the administration of:

Which of the following statements describing different methods of SUV normalization is FALSE?

The occipital lobe is located in the posterior part of the brain and is responsible for the processing of:

Which of the following histological types of thyroid carcinoma DOES NOT concentrate iodine?

The energy imparted to a unit mass of matter by ionizing radiation is measured in:

N-13 ammonia demonstrates extended myocardial retention, by staying metabolically trapped within the myocytes. This is due to:

Bilateral, symmetric decreased FDG uptake in the temporoparietal region of the brain is the prevailing pattern observed in:

The presented PET-MIP image in the Fig. 3.7 was obtained in routine PET/CT examination. Which of the following expressions can be found in the body of the radiologist’s report describing the exam’s findings?

A clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia after myelosuppressive chemotherapy is a common indication for treatment with:

According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), complete response to therapy is defined as a disappearance of all tumor foci for at least:

Brain metabolism and blood flow are increased at the site of onset of the seizure in the:

A type of beta decay in which a proton is converted to a neutron and the antimatter counterpart of an electron and a neutrino are released is called:

Which of the following tests is the basis of screening as well as a useful tool in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer?

Reimbursable by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services oncologic applications for PET scanning in lymphoma management include all of the following EXCEPT:

The event illustrated in the diagram in Fig. 3.8 is called:

The excretion of Ga-68 DOTA-peptides is primarily through the:

Nigral degeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency are characteristic findings present in:

The difference in the detection times between two coincidence photons that is used to determine most likely location of the annihilation event along LOR is applied in:

The single most important prognostic factor in patients with colon cancer is/are:

Extending the axial FOV of the scanner to cover the patient more in a single-bed position results in:

Which of the following is the most common risk factor for colorectal cancer?

A pencil shape, a fan shape, and a cone shape are common terms used in radiography to describe:

A normal endometrial uptake F-18 FDG is most commonly seen:

F-18 flurpiridaz is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging tracer that has been explored in patients with:

The presented images in Fig. 3.9 labeled A, B, C, and D were obtained during a routine CT of the head. The image described as A represents:

A hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus is called:

Diaphragmatic crus F-18 FDG uptake can be seen in patients with:

In the test–retest setting, the reproducibility of quantitative PET parameters depends mainly on:

The recommended time interval necessary to avoid increased FDG uptake in the spleen and bone marrow after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy is at least:

With regard to nodal lesions detection in patients with lymphoma, non-­attenuation-corrected (NAC) PET images are superior to attenuation-corrected (AC) PET images in evaluating:

Segmental colon activity observed on PET F-18 FDG scan suggests:

Which of the following preparations can be used if intravenous hydration before F-18 FDG imaging is indicated?