Spleen

INTRODUCTION

Anatomy

The average adult spleen measures ~12 × 7 × 4 centimeters (L × B × T) with an average weight of 150 grams.

Normal adult spleen is convex superolaterally and concave inferomedially.

It lies between the diaphragm and the fundus of the stomach, with its long axis in the line of the tenth rib.

Modest inspiration depresses the central portion of left hemidiaphragm and spleen inferiorly for easy visualization.

An oblique section along the intercostal space avoids rib shadowing.

On USG, spleen has homogenous parenchyma with mid- to low-level echogenicity (Figure 5.1).

Normal splenic vein measures up to 10 millimeters in diameter.

PATHOLOGIES

Splenomegaly

Mild to moderate: Infections such as TB, malaria, fungal, protozoal, and so on

•  Portal hypertension

•  AIDS

Marked: Myeloproliferative disorders

•  Leukemia, lymphoma

•  Infectious mononucleosis

•  Myelofibrosis

Cystic lesions of spleen (Figure 5.2)

1.    Infectious cysts

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