Summary

This chapter provides several examples of how to crop a real-time three-dimensional (RT3D) image to show a particular structure of interest. Q-lab, a software program developed by Philips Medical Systems, is used in the examples, but other similar software programs are available. One goal of this chapter is to show how to think in three dimensions and how to eliminate unnecessary parts of the 3D dataset to show the structure of interest. The terms “pulling down” and “pushing up” are used to describe how the track ball on the ultrasound machine or a mouse would be moved to rotate the dataset.

In the 3D datasets, the planes are defined as follows:

Red = X plane

Blue = Y plane

Green = Z plane

Aortic Valve Cropping: Transesophageal Imaging

Figure 17-1 (Video 17-1) shows the starting point.

Figure 17-1 Starting point.

Steps

Step 1 (Figure 17-2; Video 17-2): Obtain the full volume of the aortic valve. The initial approach is to image the aortic valve in the standard short-axis transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) view. This view typically has the rotational angle at 30 degrees. In this case, the rotational angle is at 75 degrees. When the aortic valve is well visualized, a full volume is obtained.

Step 2 (Figure 17-3; Video 17-3): After obtaining the full volume, pull the dataset down toward the user with the track ball or mouse.

Step 3 (Figure 17-4; Video 17-4): Maximize and minimize all the cut planes (X, Y, and Z) to the annulus of the aortic valve cusps.

Step 4 (Figure 17-5; Video 17-5): Activate “Any Plane” by clicking on “Crop Adjust Plane.” Position “Any Plane” to the upper right corner of the right coronary cusp annulus and slide the plane adjust bar one third to the left.

Step 5 (Figure 17-6; Video 17-6): Remove the crop box and “Any Plane” by clicking on the “Crop Adjust Plane” button.

Step 6 (Figure 17-7; Video 17-7): Optimize the image by clicking on the “B/W” tab and sliding the Gain, Brightness, Compression, and Smoothing bars until the desired appearance is achieved.

Figure 17-2 Crop box on.

Figure 17-3 Rotating to the aortic valve.

Figure 17-4 XYZ axis. In this case, The Z axis has been brought down approximately halfway from the most superior position.

Figure 17-5 Plane adjust 4.

Figure 17-6 Crop box and plane adjust box off.

Figure 17-7 Gain and brightness adjustment.

Mitral Valve: Transthoracic Imaging

Figure 17-8 (Video 17-8) is a setup view showing parasternal long-axis view of the mitral valve and left atrium.

Figure 17-8 Setup view for obtaining full volume of the left ventricle, the left atrium, and the mitral valve.

Steps

Step 1 (Figure 17-9; Video 17-9): Begin with the parasternal long-axis view and obtain a full volume.

Step 2 (Figure 17-10; Video 17-10): Rotate the volume rightward to be en face with the X plane.

Step 3 (Figure 17-11; Video 17-11): Maximize the Z plane to visualize the mitral valve in the short-axis view. That is, when the image initially is called up, it is auto-cropped such that the dataset has the Z plane partially moved in. By maximizing the Z plane, the entire volume is now seen.

Step 4 (Figure 17-12; Video 17-12): Adjust or minimize the X plane to best see the leaflets.

Step 5 (Figure 17-13; Video 17-13): Alternatively, turn the volume from 3 completely around to see the mitral valve from the atrial side, pull the volume up slightly, and adjust “X Max” to best see the leaflets.

Figures 17-14 to 17-16 (Videos 17-14 to 17-16) show the resulting images of the mitral valve on the left atrial and left ventricular sides of the valve.