CASE 14 History: A 45-year-old man presents with low back pain and bilateral lower extremity pain. 1. What should be included in the differential diagnosis? (Choose all that apply.) 2. Which vertebral structures typically appear shortened in patients with congenital narrowing of the lumbar canal? a. Laminae b. Pedicles 3. Which nerve root may be compromised as a result of lateral recess stenosis at the L4-5 level? a. L3 root b. L4 root c. L5 root d. S1 root 4. Which of the following degenerative changes does not cause spinal stenosis?
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