Clinical Presentation

A 56-year-old woman has a prior history of ovarian cancer. She has been asymptomatic, but levels of the tumor marker cancer antigen (CA)-125 are rising. PET is requested to assess for tumor recurrence.

Fig. 88.1

Fig. 88.2

Fig. 88.3

Technique

• The patient is instructed to avoid vigorous exercise for 24 hours prior to the scan, fast for at least 4 hours before the study, drink water during the fasting and uptake periods, and void prior to the scan

• A venous serum glucose sample is obtained prior to the injection of ¹⁸F-FDG (reference range is < 120 mg/dl for non-diabetic patients and < 200 mg/dl for diabetic patients), and the patient’s height and weight are recorded

• A 10–20 mCi dose of ¹⁸F-FDG is injected intravenously (in a dimly lit quiet room for brain PET scans), and the patient is asked to rest comfortably in a room that is kept warm

• Sixty minutes following the ¹⁸F-FDG injection, the spiral CT is performed using a weight-based algorithm from the skull base to the upper thighs (for most oncologic indications), or from the vertex to the feet, or centered over the brain depending on the tumor being evaluated

• A 2D or 3D PET acquisition (depending on the manufacturer) is then performed over the same region (s), and all PET images are corrected for attenuation, detector efficiency, scatter, decay, and random coincidences

• Consistency in ¹⁸F-FDG injected dose, scan acquisition time relative to the injection time, and acquisition and reconstruction protocols is important when performing serial scanning on the same patient

Image Interpretation