Chest

Chest


Chest USG can be done using suprasternal, parasternal, intercostal, subcostal, and subxiphoid approach; in supine, decubitus, and sitting position.


Pneumothorax is best visualized in anterior probe position.


Consolidation and effusions are best seen in posterior/lateral probe positions.


Two types of lines are seen:


A lines: Horizontal lines


B lines: Vertical lines


Interstitial lines with 7 millimeters spacing of interlobular septae.


Alveolar lines with 3 millimeters spacing of alveoli.


LUNG CONSOLIDATION (FIGURE 13.1)


Homogeneous, hypoechoic lung with echogenic punctate/linear branching structures (dynamic sonographic air bronchograms).


HEPATIZATION OF LUNG (FIGURE 13.2)


Echotexture of lung consolidation is similar to the liver in lobar pneumonia.


ATELECTASIS


Compressed, collapsed lung seen as wedge-shaped echogenic lung.


PLEURAL EFFUSION (FIGURES 13.3 AND 13.4)


USG can detect as little as—3–5 milliliters of fluid in the pleural cavity. It is usually echo-free and changes its shape with respiration. Transudates are usually sonolucent; exudates may contain floating echoes, fibrin strands, septations, s/o inflammatory, or neoplastic etiology.


Image


Figure 13.1 Illustrating lung consolidation with echogenic air bronchograms.


Image

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Nov 6, 2018 | Posted by in ULTRASONOGRAPHY | Comments Off on Chest

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