16 Fast Spin Echo: Reduced Refocusing Angle

Although the reduction in measurement time using fast spin echo (FSE) technique is desirable (and plays a fundamental role in clinical imaging today), the very use of multiple closely spaced refocusing pulses is associated with higher RF power deposition. Thus a FSE sequence may approach the acceptable limits of specific absorption rate (SAR) relative to patient safety. A common solution to this SAR problem is the use of a refocusing flip angle less than 180° (such as 120°; Fig. 16.1

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