Frontal Pole (Area 10)

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Frontal Pole (Area 10)

Main Text

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

• Frontal pole (Fp)

Location and Boundaries

Location

• Most rostral portion of prefrontal cortex
• Includes frontomarginal sulcus, rostral part of superior frontal gyrus, and small parts of middle frontal gyrus

Boundaries

• No precise anatomic landmarks are available

Bounded rostrally and laterally by middle frontal area (area 46) and superior frontal gyrus (area 9)

Bounded caudally by area 32 rostral to cingulate gyrus

Bounded ventrally by area 11 (rostral end of olfactory sulcus)
• 2 distinct cytoarchitectonic regions are present in area 10

Fp1 extends further laterally and rostrally

Fp2 occupies medial Fp and is more caudal than Fp1

Function

Fp1

• Cognition
• Working memory
• Perception

Fp2

• Affective processing
• Mentalizing
• Social cognition

Frontal Pole Function

• Electrophysiology in macaques suggests monitoring of action outcomes
• Lesion data

Fp involved in goal-directed behaviors and making future choices
• Proposed function

Maintenance of goals during their deferral while individual engages in multitasking

Comparative Anatomy

• Expanded size and cell density in humans compared to nonhuman primates
• Phylogenetically young region

Abstraction

• More abstract cognitive thought is performed more anteriorly within prefrontal cortex with frontopolar cortex at apex

Structural Connections

Tracer/Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies

• Poor characterization of distant area 10 inputs/outputs in human and macaque
• Reciprocal connections are with dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and medial prefrontal cortex
• Hierarchical, rostrocaudal connectivity

Rostral frontal areas connected to intermediate ones that, in turn, connect to more caudal frontal areas

Functional Connections

Coactive Regions

• Medial Fp (especially Fp2) is coactive with default mode network

Posterior cingulate cortex (area 23, 31)

Inferior parietal lobule (areas 39, 40)

Inferior temporal gyrus (area 20)

Associated Literature Keywords (NeuroSynth)

• Error related, intentions, remember, thoughts, contextual, salient, autobiographical, amount, correct, stress, nonverbal

Area 10-Associated Disorders

Anterior Cerebral Artery Ischemia

• Common site of injury along with other medial prefrontal and cingulate regions (especially frontopolar branch)

Traumatic Injury

• Damage to Fp does not impair performance in well-learned, cognitively demanding tasks
• Can cause behavioral changes for situations requiring redistribution of resources to novel tasks

Image Gallery

Print Images

BRODMANN AREA 10: FRONTAL POLE

Coactivation map of Brodmann area 10 shows brain regions that reliably activate with the centroid of voxels lying within area 10 in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database. This image shows the average of left and right coactivation maps.

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Tags: Imaging Anatomy Brain and Spine

Mar 13, 2021 | Posted by admin in NUCLEAR MEDICINE | Comments Off

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