Gluteal Muscles

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

IMAGING ANATOMY

Gluteal Muscles

• Components: Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata, piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus and externus, quadratus femoris
• Common functions: Hip abduction, external rotation
• Gluteus maximus

Origin (O): Posterior gluteal line (ilium), posterior sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

– Passes superficial to bare posterior facet of greater trochanter with interposed trochanteric bursa

Insertion (I): Iliotibial tract and proximal aspect of linea aspera on posterior aspect proximal femur

– Inserts via short tendon

Function (F): Hip extension, abduction, and external rotation
• Gluteus medius

O: Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines (ilium)

I: Lateral and posterosuperior facets of greater trochanter with interposed subgluteus medius bursa

– Inserts via short tendon

F: Hip abduction and internal rotation
• Gluteus minimus

O: External ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

I: Anterior facet of greater trochanter with interposed subgluteus minimus bursa

F: Hip abduction and internal rotation
• Tensor fascia lata

O: External lip anterior iliac crest, external ASIS

I: Iliotibial tract

– Iliotibial tract extends to Gerdy tubercle on anterolateral aspect tibia

F: Hip flexion, abduction, and weak internal rotation

Tensor fascia lata muscle is prone to hypertrophy or pseudohypertrophy

– Hypertrophy is when there is true increase in muscle size > 50% more than contralateral side

– Pseudohypertrophy is when fatty infiltration and paradoxical enlargement of muscle occurs due to lumbar radiculopathy or other denervation syndromes
• Piriformis

O: Anterior sacrum → passes through greater sciatic foramen

I: Piriformis fossa at greater trochanter proximal femur (may fuse with obturator internus and gemellus muscles)

– Piriformis fossa between posterior femoral neck and posterior medial surface greater trochanter

Insertion site for piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus

F: Hip external rotation, assists abduction

– Variation in sciatic nerve position through piriformis muscle seen in ~ 20% of patients undergoing hip MR

This variation is of questionable significance regarding piriformis syndrome
• Superior gemellus

O: Ischial spine

I: Piriformis fossa

F: Hip external rotation, weak abduction
• Inferior gemellus

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Piriformis fossa

F: Hip external rotation, weak abduction
• Obturator internus

O: Internal surface of obturator foramen and membrane

I: Piriformis fossa (joins with gemelli tendons)

F: Hip external rotation, weak abduction
• Obturator externus

O: Edge of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

I: Posterior aspect of femur in trochanteric fossa

F: Lateral rotation of hip
• Quadratus femoris

O: Lateral ischial tuberosity

I: Quadrate line, intertrochanteric crest of femur

F: Strong hip external rotation

Rotator Cuff of Hip

• Gluteus medius and minimus tendons, trochanteric bursa, subgluteus medius and minimus bursae

Iliotibial tract, which is conglomeration of facial coverings of gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata, overlies gluteus medius tendon insertion into lateral facet

Bursa

• Greater trochanter

Trochanteric (deep to gluteus maximus), subgluteus medius, and subgluteus minimus
• Ischiogluteal

Between ischial tuberosity and gluteus maximus muscle
• Gluteofemoral

Between iliotibial tract and vastus lateralis muscle
• Obturator internus

Between muscle and ischium
• Obturator externus

Beneath inferior border of muscle

Ischial Tuberosity

• Covered by gluteus maximus muscle when hip extended, uncovered in hip flexion
• Origin of hamstring tendons on ischial tuberosity

Semitendinosus and biceps femoris posteromedially

Semimembranosus laterally

Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue
Share this:
Related posts:

Hand Vessels Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Artifacts Soft Tissue Tumor Biopsy Hypoechoic Muscle Mass Hip and Pelvis Procedures Baker Cyst

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel

Tags: Diagnostic Ultrasound Musculoskeletal

Apr 9, 2020 | Posted by admin in MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING | Comments Off

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

IMAGING ANATOMY

Gluteal Muscles

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel

Radiology Key

Fastest Radiology Insight Engine

Gluteal Muscles

Gluteal Muscles

Rotator Cuff of Hip

Bursa

Ischial Tuberosity

Full access? Get Clinical Tree

Fastest Radiology Insight Engine

Gluteal Muscles

Share this:

Related posts:

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel

Full access? Get Clinical Tree