21 Hydrocephalus can be either noncommunicating (intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus [IVOH]) or communicating (extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus [EVOH]), referring to whether obstruction to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is within the ventricular system to the outflow tracts of the 4th ventricle (including the cerebral aqueduct and foramen of Monroe) -noncommunicating – or outside the ventricular system – communicating. A common diagnostic dilemma is determining whether ventricular enlargement is due to hydrocephalus or atrophy. Several findings can help differentiate the various forms of hydrocephalus from atrophy (Table 21.1).
Hydrocephalus
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