ICD: device is able to recognize ventricular arrhythmias and deliver a shock to normalize cardiac pace.

Patient at risk of sudden death.

Absolute contraindication to MR.

Indications: (1) anticoagulation contraindicated; (2) anticoagulation failure; (3) prophylaxis in high-risk patients.

Characterized by the presence of perianeurysmal fibrosis and a thickened aortic wall.

Represent 5–10 % of all abdominal aortic aneurysms; ascending aorta and aortic arch involvement is much less common, and when present there is a concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Retroperitoneal extension of the inflammatory process is seen in one-third of affected patients, and it is responsible of secondary ureteral involvement with resultant hydronephrosis, aortic–sigmoid colon fistula with bleeding, and secondary bacterial infection.

CT: (1) hypoattenuating mass with periaortic wall thickening that spares the posterior wall; (2) post-contrast enhancement of the soft-tissue component.

MR: may detect periaortic inflammation, adventitial fibrosis, and turbulence in intraluminal flow.

FDG–PET: identifies the extent of inflammation.

Abnormal movement in RV volume and pressure overload and in case of abnormal electrical activity.

Major causes of RV volume overload: (1) severe tricuspid or pulmonary regurgitation; (2) severe left-to-right shunt.

Major causes of RV pressure overload: (1) severe pulmonary hypertension; (2) pulmonary stenosis.

Systolic septal flattening/bouncing: RV pressure overload (RVOT obstruction, pulmonary hypertension).

Early diastolic septal flattening: increased RV filling pressure, but still not pressure overload.

Inspiratory septal bowing during early diastole: constrictive pericarditis.

D-shape: RV overload (left-to-right shunt, tricuspid, or pulmonary regurgitation).

Paradoxical septal movement: abnormal electrical activity (LBBB).