Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)

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Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)

Main Text

Location and Boundaries

Location

• Ventral aspect of inferior frontal lobes within anterior cranial fossa
• Includes orbital gyri and gyrus rectus
• Orbitofrontal cortex among most technical regions to study with fMRI due to susceptibility artifact

Boundaries

• Dorsal: Frontal pole (area 10)
• Caudal: Subgenual cingulate cortex (area 25) and anterior cingulate cortex (area 32)
• Lateral: Contiguous with pars orbitalis (area 47) and insula (area 13)

Divisions

• Function and cytoarchitecture differ between medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex

Function

Emotional Processing

• Pleasantness of stimuli represented in orbitofrontal cortex

Decision Making and Prediction

• Impaired decision making with orbitofrontal lesions
• Orbitofrontal cortex required to assign reward to outcome and initiate decision

Response Inhibition

• Lateral orbitofrontal cortex participates in initiation of response inhibition

Valuation, Reward, and Adaptive Behavior

• Lateral orbitofrontal cortex more active following punishing outcome
• Medial orbitofrontal cortex more active following rewarding outcome
• More complex or abstract rewards/punishments represented more anteriorly

Multimodal Sensory Integration and Hedonic Experience

• Multimodal sensory inputs in posterior lateral orbitofrontal cortex
• Hedonic rewards encoded more anteriorly in lateral orbitofrontal cortex
• Also process rewards for abstract stimuli (e.g., music, social, money)

Structural Connections

Medial Orbitofrontal

• Posterior cingulate cortex (areas 23, 31), retrosplenial cingulate cortex (areas 29, 30), parahippocampal gyrus (areas 28, 34, 35, and 36), and hippocampus

Lateral Orbitofrontal

• Amygdala, olfactory cortex, gustatory cortex (area 43), insula (area 13), nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, inferior temporal gyrus (area 20), somatosensory cortex (areas 1, 2, and 3), auditory cortex (areas 41, 42), and visual association cortex (areas 18, 19)

Functional Connections

Coactive Regions

• Medial orbitofrontal: Default mode network (i.e., posterior cingulate cortex (areas 23, 31)/precuneus (areas 5, 7), temporoparietal junction (areas 39, 40), medial temporal cortex, lateral temporal cortex (areas 20, 21, and 22), anterior cingulate cortex (areas 24, 32, 33)
• Lateral orbitofrontal: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (areas 9, 46), medial temporal, temporal pole (area 38), anterior insula (area 13)

Associated Literature Keywords (NeuroSynth)

• Choices, memories, recollection, concepts, rejection, cocaine, self-reported, negative, positive, movie, decision, subjective

Area 11-Associated Disorders

Traumatic Brain Injury

• Commonly contused in closed-head injury

Frontal Sinus Disorders

• Caused by infections and neoplasms, among other causes
• May result in cerebritis or compression of orbitofrontal cortex

Addiction

• Stimulating orbitofrontal cortex in animals results in drug self-administration

Bilateral Orbitofrontal Injury

• Produces severe impairment in learning, changing rewards associated with stimuli

Image Gallery

Print Images

ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX: LOCATION AND COACTIVATION

Axial and coronal slices show the relative position of orbitofrontal cortex area 11 (data source: WFU PickAtlas).

Coactivation map of Brodmann area 11 shows brain regions that reliably activate with the centroid of voxels lying within area 11 in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database. Image is the average of left and right coactivation maps.

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Tags: Imaging Anatomy Brain and Spine

Mar 13, 2021 | Posted by admin in NUCLEAR MEDICINE | Comments Off

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