I-131 labeled monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 has been shown to accumulate in lipid-rich, macrophage-rich regions in animal models of:

According to the ASNC recommendations, by 2014, a goal is set to decrease patient radiation exposure associated with myocardial perfusion imaging SPECT to less than:

The only significant mechanism available to the heart to increase oxygen consumption is to:

The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology and the Society of Nuclear Medicine together recommend:

Peripheral sites, other than the antecubital (preferably medial) and external jugular veins, are NOT suitable for first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) because of the possibility of bolus (select two):

Automated method that adjusts the intensity of the myocardial perfusion image to reflect the estimated magnitude of soft tissue tempering on different regions of the heart is called:

During PET/CT acquisition:

When the existence of a cardiac shunt is assessed using the first pass technique, reappearance of activity in the lungs shortly after the first pass, but before recirculation through body:

An event that can be demonstrated, using sequential exercise testing, when the time to angina and ischemic ST-segment depression can be prolonged on the second of two exercise tests, is known as:

The unit of cut-off frequency is:

The Fick Principle describes the relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption or mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVO₂), coronary blood flow (CBF), and the:

The biological half-life of Tl-201 is approximately:

Perceived exertion ratings between 12 and 14 on the Borg Scale suggest that physical activity is being performed at a:

Which of the following statements describing motion artifacts is FALSE?

Activation of A1 adenosine receptors produces:

The view comprising long-axis tomograms, generated by slicing along the horizontal plane through the short-axis perspective, is called:

The chemical form of rubidium 82 obtained from a Cardiogen-82 generator is:

The contrast echocardiography viability studies with high-molecular weight inert gases are based on evaluation of:

Prone imaging may occasionally create a fixed defect located:

Which of the following statements describing the regadenoson plasma concentration-time profile is CORRECT?

The auto-regulatory mechanism of the heart seeks to balance the supply and demand of:

Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) crystals absorb the γ-ray energy and generate electron–hole pairs with resulting conversion of the photons into:

Which of the following results of the Duke Treadmill Scores (DTS) identifies patient with high risk CAD?

After the initial uptake and distribution of thallium, the subsequent redistribution of thallium begins within:

According to the ASNC imaging guidelines, the radionuclide of choice for standard first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) is:

“Evolution” by GE Healthcare, “Astonish” by Philips, and Flash 3D by Siemens are examples of:

The PET potential for quantifying myocardial blood flow and blood flow reserve in absolute terms is highly beneficial in patients with:

MRI and echocardiography viability studies with dobutamine are based on the evaluation of:

Which of the following statements describing the scanning sealed source system used for the attenuation map creation in transmission computed tomography (TCT) is FALSE:

According to the Lexiscan package insert, nursing women may consider interrupting nursing after regadenoson administration for:

Research bias, introduced when there is a sufficient time delay between the application of the test, and the reference standard to allow change in the disease state, is called:

In patients with a normal MPI study, the hard event rate (cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction) occurring during an average follow-up of 2 years is approximately:

A deceleration of heart rate following exercise termination is called:

The transmission-to-cross-talk ratio (TCR) depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following adenosine receptors stimulation may result in bronchial constriction and peripheral vasodilation?

According to the appropriate use criteria (AUC), which of the following tests will be appropriate for an exercising regularly 54-year-old woman presented with atypical chest pain, hx of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and secondary to LVH resting ECG changes?

The PET perfusion imaging agents: F-18-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium and F-18 flupiridaz bind to the:

All of the following response patterns can be observed on echocardiography viability studies with low dose dobutamine infusion EXCEPT:

Patients with inferior wall abnormalities on supine imaging, that were absent on prone imaging, had a risk of subsequent cardiac events that is comparable to the risk in patients with:

Adenosine produces vasoconstriction in:

In patients with coronary artery disease, coronary flow reserve decreases in proportion to the degree of stenosis severity and is exhausted for stenosis:

Which of the following is the energy supplier for the cell?

All of the following baseline electrocardiographic abnormalities may preclude use of exercise ECG for noninvasive stress testing EXCEPT:

High-speed SPECT technology introduces a series of small, pixilated solid-state detector columns equipped with:

After an intravenous injection of Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin, an increased portion of perfusion getting into systemic circulation rather than the lungs is referred to as:

A 79-year-old man presents to ED with complaints of intermittent lightheadedness and dizziness. He has type 2 diabetes and is hypertensive. What are the ECG (Fig. 4.2) findings?

F-18 fluorodexyglucose is transported into the myocyte by the sarcolemmal glucose transporters:

The mechanism responsible for a normal MPI study, despite established CAD, involves preserved:

Stress ECG-gated myocardial SPECT imaging with Tc-99m-labeled agents soon after exercise is superior to conventional late imaging in identifying patients with myocardial:

The ramp filter suppresses the star artifact by controlling:

Which of the following is currently considered as the gold standard for ventricular volumes and function measurements?

Which of the following statements describing radionuclide angiography (RNA) is FALSE?

The pulmonary vascular bed can accommodate as much as a/an _________________ increase in cardiac output.

The highest spatial frequency that can be encoded in the digital image is called:

Administration of dipyridamole, adenosine, or regadenoson results in:

Which of the following LV function parameters is assessed by evaluating the changes in brightness from the end-diastolic to the end-systolic frame?

During the cardiac PET/CT acquisition, the respiratory cycle can be monitored by using all of the following EXCEPT:

According to the American College of Cardiology guidelines, patients with a 75 % pretest likelihood of CAD are considered to be:

Which of the following statements describing the radiation safety approach in breast-feeding mothers referred for radionuclide imaging is INCORRECT?

Adenosine is a naturally occurring purine nucleoside that forms from the breakdown of:

A phenomenon when dilation of one vascular network “redirects” blood flow from another region within the organ that is already maximally dilated, because of the presence of proximal lesions, is called the coronary:

I-123 mIBG imaging produces a quantitative index called:

Which of the following is the strongest and most consistent prognostic marker identified in exercise testing?

Soft tissue attenuation from breasts may produce MPI artifacts in up to:

When performing the first pass study, the integrity of the bolus is assessed by placing a ROI over the:

When cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction are considered as separate endpoints, functional and perfusion data obtained from GSPECT suggests:

An iterative reconstruction begins with:

The hypothesis stating that accuracy of any test depends on the pretest probability of disease in the patient population being studied is known as:

The adenosine infusion should be discontinued early under any of the following circumstances EXCEPT:

Which of the following algorithms can be used to measure LV diastolic dyssynchrony from gated SPECT MPI?

The myocardium of patients with systolic heart failure is characterized by:

Functional improvement after coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous angioplasty when evaluated by GSPECT, is apparent by an/a:

Perceived exertion ratings between 18 and 20 on the Borg Scale suggest that physical activity is being performed at:

Which of the following exercise stress test findings/symptoms indicate a high probability of coronary artery disease (select three)?

The upright over supine position for performing first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) is preferred because:

Which of the following variables increase sensitivity of MPI?

Rubidium acts like a microsphere that crosses the capillary membrane and is trapped because of:

Which of the following medications should be stopped a week before treadmill ECG testing?

All of the following are advantages of using CT over the radionuclide-based transmission for attenuation correction of SPECT data EXCEPT:

Figure 4.3 presents a LV volume curve derived from an 8-frame gated myocardial perfusion imaging study using 4D-MSPECT. Calculated ED of LV is approximately:

The risk assessment tool from the Framingham Heart Study is employed to predict a person’s chance of having a heart attack in the next:

Transmission imaging is a mean of creating:

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) combines exercise testing with:

The biologic half-life of dipyridamole is:

Which of the following radiopharmaceuticals can be used for detecting and quantifying R–L and L–R shunts?

Which of the following statements comparing exercise echocardiography to exercise MPI is INCORRECT?

The two main energetic pathways used by the heart are:

Which of the following allows dynamic assessment of cardiac function at rest and during exercise or pharmacologic agent administration?

A hypertensive response to exercise is defined as one in which the systolic blood pressure rises to more than:

A direct negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effect of adenosine on the heart is attributable to:

Any constellation of clinical findings that the physician feels is consistent with obstructive coronary artery disease is called:

Distance (size) in the spatial domain and frequency in the frequency domain are:

Which of the following is considered a relative indication to terminate an exercise stress test?

Binodenoson and apadenoson are:

Radionuclide angiography (RNA) can provide information on all of the following EXCEPT:

The discordance between the times of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) contraction is called:

The extraction of the FDG during a capillary single pass is about:

Which cell feature is responsible for making proteins?

The property of a filter that describes how quickly the transition is made between frequencies that are kept and frequencies that are eliminated is called:

With respect to its molecular structure,synaptic uptake and intracellular storage I-123 MIBG resembles the neurotransmitter:

Which of the following occurrences is classified as a “hard event” in risk stratification in stable chest pain syndromes?

According to the current ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, stopping beta-blockers before EST is discouraged to avoid:

Specificity and sensitivity of exercise testing for the diagnosis of CAD is:

Inside the myocardial cell, ammonia is quickly converted to an ammonium ion, which is rapidly converted and trapped as glutamine by the enzyme:

A caudal tilt of the LAO view during equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography (ERNA) is helpful to separate:

Diaphragmatic attenuation is estimated to occur in up to:

Which of the following PET tracers has been be used to evaluate the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system?

Figure 4.4 presents a screenshot of a standard LAO view MUGA scan. The arrow is pointing to the:

Which of the following baseline ECG findings DOES NOT significantly reduce the accuracy of the EST for the diagnosis of ischemia?

The method by which an image is transformed into its frequency components is called:

The concept of “normalcy rate” has been developed in an attempt to compensate for:

The absence of perfusion abnormalities in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy:

Low-level exercise, implemented in combination with pharmacologic stress MPI, is performed at:

Tc-99m sestamibi accumulates more avidly in tumor cells because tumor cells, when compared to the surrounding normal epithelial cells, have: