Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)

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Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)

Main Text

Location and Boundaries

Location

• Occipital lobe

Lingual gyrus

Cuneus

Occipital pole

Posterior portion of fusiform gyrus

Superior occipital gyrus

Middle occipital gyrus

Inferior occipital gyrus

Descending occipital gyrus

Boundaries

• Medial: Parietooccipital sulcus
• Ventral: Preoccipital notch
• Lateral: Arbitrary line connecting preoccipital notch and superior extent of parietooccipital sulcus
• Surrounded by superior parietal lobule (area 7), posterior cingulate cortex (area 30), inferior temporal gyrus (area 20), fusiform gyrus (area 37), and angular gyrus (area 39)

Function

Vision

• Edge detection
• Orientation selective
• Perception of motion
• Color perception
• As visual information progresses down visual processing streams (i.e., “where” or “how” path from areas 17, 18, and 19 into parietal cortex and “what” path from areas 17, 18, and 19 into temporal cortex), binding of visual features into single coherent percept occurs
• Retinotopic map exists in primary visual cortex (area 17), and similar maps exist in association visual cortex (areas 18 and 19)

Structural Connections

Cortical

• Superior parietal lobule (areas 5 and 7) via cingulum
• Temporal pole (area 38), anterior inferior temporal gyrus (area 20), anterior middle temporal gyrus (area 21), and parahippocampal gyrus (areas 28, 35, and 36) via inferior longitudinal fasciculus
• Inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44, 45, and 47), orbitofrontal cortex (area 11), and frontal pole (area 10) via inferior frontooccipital fasciculus

Subcortical

• Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus
• Hippocampus and amygdala via inferior longitudinal fasciculus
• Pulvinar nucleus of thalamus

Functional Connections

Coactive Regions

• Supplementary motor area (area 6)
• Premotor cortex (area 6)
• Frontal eye fields (area 6)
• Anterior cingulate cortex (areas 24, 32, and 33)
• Superior temporal gyrus (area 22)
• Inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44, 45, and 47)
• Fusiform gyrus (area 37)
• Cerebellum
• Thalamus
• Intraparietal sulcus (areas 5 and 7)

Associated Literature Keywords (NeuroSynth)

• Visual, motion, perception, videos, biological, object, body, eye, attention, distractors

Areas 17-, 18-, 19-Associated Disorders

Cortical Vision Loss

• Blindness in part of or across entire visual field, depending on extent of lesion
• Blindness occurs in visual field opposite to side of lesion

Image Gallery

Print Images

VISUAL CORTEX: LOCATION AND COACTIVATION

Sagittal and axial slices from a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown. This quantitative probabilistic map was derived from postmortem human brains and is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17 and 18 (data source: SPM Anatomy toolbox).

Coactivation map of the visual cortex shows brain regions that reliably activate in published studies with high loading of the term “visual” in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database.

VISUAL CORTEX: FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows the correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann areas 17, 18, and 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Image was created using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show the correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY TO VISUAL CORTEX

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show the correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

VISUAL CORTEX: LOCATION AND SUBREGIONS

Ventral surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex shows a quantitative probabilistic map, derived from postmortem human brains, that is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17, 18, and 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Medial surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex shows a quantitative probabilistic map, derived from postmortem human brains, that is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17, 18, and 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Caudal surface-rendered map of the visual cortex is shaded in yellow (areas 17 and 18) and gold (area 19) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

FUNCTIONAL VISUAL SUBREGIONS

Medial surface-rendered map of the visual cortex is shaded in yellow (areas 17 and 18) and gold (area 19) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

Medial surface-rendered view created with FreeSurfer software from a single subject’s data shows primary visual cortex (V1, red) and extrastriate visual cortex (V2/V3, blue).

Lateral surface-rendered view created with FreeSurfer software from a single subject’s data shows extrastriate visual cortex (V2/V3, blue) and area V5/MT (yellow).

Additional Images

Ventral surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Medial surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Posterior surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 18 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

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Tags: Imaging Anatomy Brain and Spine

Mar 13, 2021 | Posted by admin in NUCLEAR MEDICINE | Comments Off

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