Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)

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Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)

Main Text

Location and Boundaries

Location

• Paramidline posterior to most caudal portion of corpus callosum (isthmus of cingulate gyrus)
• Ventrolaterally contiguous with parahippocampal cortex (area 36)
• Area 26 occupies most rostral portion; area 29 occupies mid portion (within callosal sulcus); area 30 occupies more caudal portion of retrosplenial cingulate cortex (onto convexity of cingulate gyrus)

Boundaries

• Dorsal: Posterior cingulate cortex (area 23) along posterior extension of corpus callosum
• Ventral: Medial confluence of parietooccipital and calcarine sulci

Function

Visual Perception and Navigation

• Retrosplenial cingulate cortex situated at junction of calcarine sulcus and parietooccipital sulcus with close proximity to primary and secondary visual cortex
• Retrosplenial complex (RSC) is strongly activated during imagery and viewing of scenes and mental navigation

More strongly active in familiar places (may be long-term memory of places and environments)

Patients with retrosplenial lesions can identify scenes but cannot use them effectively for navigation; unable to orient even in familiar places

Encodes head direction and sequences of spatial locations

Episodic Memory

• Contiguous with entorhinal, parahippocampal cortex (areas 28, 34, 35, and 36) and likely participating in storage and retrieval of long-term verbal, spatial, and visual memories

Emotional Perception

• Frequently active in functional imaging studies of emotional processing

Attention to Internal Stimuli

• Active during daydreaming, resting state, attention to internal stimuli
• Retrosplenium connects default mode network to hippocampus

Structural Connections

Reciprocal Connections

• Orbitofrontal cortex (area 11)
• Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46)
• Posterior cingulate cortex (areas 23 and 31)
• Parahippocampal cortex (areas 28, 34, 35, and 36)
• Intraparietal sulcus (areas 5 and 7)
• Claustrum
• Superior temporal sulcus (area 22)
• Hippocampal subiculum
• Anterior and lateral thalamic nuclei

Papez Circuit

• Anterior thalamic nuclei → cingulate gyrus → parahippocampal cortex → entorhinal cortex → subiculum → fornix → mammillothalamic tract → anterior thalamic nuclei
• Initially thought to process emotional stimuli, more likely involved in memory

Functional Connections

Coactive Regions

• Visual cortex including lingual gyrus and extrastriate visual cortex (areas 18 and 19)
• Default mode network: Posterior cingulate cortex (areas 23 and 31), inferior parietal lobule (areas 39 and 40), and weak coactivation with medial prefrontal hub
• Parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex

Associated Literature Keywords (NeuroSynth)

• Default, readers, recall, episode, photographs, smoking, remember, craving, verbal, semantic, sex, words, covert, risk

Areas 29-, 30-Associated Disorders

Alzheimer Dementia

• Early metabolic decreases in retrosplenial cortex in mild cognitive impairment

Spatial Navigation Impairment (Retrosplenial Amnesia)

• Injured patients have difficulty orienting even in familiar environments
• Midline location makes bilateral injuries more common than in bilateral entorhinal cortex

Image Gallery

Print Images

RETROSPLENIAL CINGULATE CORTEX: LOCATION AND COACTIVATION

Coronal and axial slices show the relative positions of retrosplenial cingulate cortex, area 29 and area 30 (data source: WFU PickAtlas).

Coactivation map of Brodmann areas 29 and 30 shows brain regions that reliably activate with the centroid of voxels lying within areas 29 and 30 in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database. Image is the average of left and right coactivation maps.

RETROSPLENIAL CINGULATE CORTEX: CONNECTIVITY (RENDERED)

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 30 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 30 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 30 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 30 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

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Tags: Imaging Anatomy Brain and Spine

Mar 13, 2021 | Posted by admin in NUCLEAR MEDICINE | Comments Off

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