Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)

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Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)

Main Text

Location and Boundaries

Location

• Anterior margin of genu and rostrum of corpus callosum, including pregenual and subgenual cingulate gyrus

Boundaries

• Portion of cingulate gyrus ventral to genu of corpus callosum
• Surrounded by insula (area 13), orbitofrontal cortex (area 11), anterior cingulate cortex (areas 24, 32, and 33)

Function

Emotional Salience and Regulation

• Activity correlated with higher intensity of emotional stimuli
• Facilitates inhibition of negative emotions
• Gradient of processing going from emotional content in posterior portion within anterior cingulate cortex to salience in anterior portion within anterior cingulate cortex

Moral Judgment

• Activity associated with feelings of guilt for acting counter to social values
• Activity also associated with anticipated regret of decisions

Valuation

• Socioeconomic value judgments associated with pregenual and subgenual activity

Social Attachment

• Regulates release of oxytocin from anterior hypothalamus

Mentalizing

• Part of medial prefrontal hub of default mode network that processes attention to internal stimuli

Structural Connections

2 Subregions Based on Structural Connectivity

• Pregenual

Medial prefrontal cortex and frontal pole (area 10)

Anterior midcingulate cortex
• Subgenual

Nucleus accumbens

Amygdala

Hypothalamus

Orbitofrontal cortex (area 11)

Amygdalohypothalamic connections transmitted by uncinate fasciculus

Functional Connections

Coactive Regions

• Orbitofrontal cortex (area 11), frontal pole (area 10), precuneus (areas 5 and 7), inferior parietal lobule (areas 39 and 40), hypothalamus, amygdala

Associated Literature Keywords (NeuroSynth)

• Positive, emotion, reward, craving, negative, money, stress, addiction, anticipation, choice, salience, dopamine, depression, outcome, decision making

Area 25-Associated Disorders

Depression

• Hyperactivity of subgenual anterior cingulate in task-based fMRI studies
• Hyperconnectivity of subgenual anterior cingulate with default mode network, positive correlated with length of depressive episode
• Decreased gray matter volume of left subgenual cingulate in depressed patients
• Subgenual cingulate has been effective target for deep brain stimulation in refractory depression

Subgenual portion is more effective than pregenual cingulate, reflecting more limbic connectivity profile
• Depression exacerbated by proinflammatory cytokines acting in subgenual cingulate cortex

Image Gallery

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SUBGENUAL CINGULATE LOCATION AND COACTIVATION

Coronal and axial slices show the relative position of subgenual cingulate cortex, area 25 (data source: WFU PickAtlas).

Coactivation map of Brodmann area 25 shows brain regions that reliably activate with the centroid of voxels lying within area 25 in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database. Image is the average of left and right coactivation maps.

CONNECTIVITY TO SUBGENUAL CINGULATE CORTEX

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 25 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

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Tags: Imaging Anatomy Brain and Spine

Mar 13, 2021 | Posted by admin in NUCLEAR MEDICINE | Comments Off

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