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The Feeding Vessel Sign
The feeding vessel sign seen on computed tomography (CT) consists of a distinct vessel leading directly into the center of a nodule. This sign has been considered highly suggestive of septic embolism. The feeding vessel sign also occurs in pulmonary metastasis, hemorrhagic nodules, or consolidation seen in vasculitis. Septic emboli are seen most commonly in patients with infective endocarditis, patients with infective venous catheters or pacemaker leads, and in patients with periodontal disease. The characteristic CT manifestations of septic emboli include ill-defined, spherical nodules or wedge-shaped subpleural opacities, and the feeding vessel sign. Sometimes on multiplanar reconstructions, the apparent feeding vessel is shown to pass around the opacity or nodules instead of entering it. The feeding vessel, in some cases, represents a pulmonary vein, which can be traced to the left atrium.