Thigh Muscles

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

• Function (F), insertion (I), origin (O)

IMAGING ANATOMY

Compartment Anatomy

• Compartmental anatomy is different from functional groupings
• Thigh divided into anterior, medial, and posterior compartments

Anterior compartment : Iliotibial tract, tensor fascia lata muscle, quadriceps muscles, sartorius muscle

Medial compartment : Gracilis muscle, adductor muscles

Posterior compartment : Hamstring muscles, short head of biceps femoris muscle
• Additional muscles at junction pelvis/thigh

Pectineus, iliopsoas, obturator externus, lateral femoral muscles
• Extensions from fascia lata divide compartments

Medial intermuscular septum separates anterior from medial compartment

Lateral intermuscular septum separates anterior from lateral compartment

Thin fascia separates medial from posterior compartment
• Compartment anatomy critical to tumor staging and biopsy planning

When performing percutaneous biopsy, try not to cross between affected and nonaffected compartment

Medial Compartment Muscles

• Anterior division: Adductor brevis and longus, gracilis muscles
• Posterior division: Adductor magnus muscle
• Common function: Hip adduction; assist hip flexion, internal rotation (except obturator externus muscle)
• Adductor brevis

O: Inferior pubic ramus

I: Inferior 2/3 pectineal line, superior 1/2 medial lip of linea aspera
• Adductor longus

O: Pubic body inferior to crest

I: Medial lip of linea aspera
• Adductor magnus : 2 separate muscles with different innervations and functions

Adductor portion

– O: Ischiopubic ramus

– I: Gluteal tuberosity, medial lip linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

Adductor hiatus between 2 divisions of muscle in distal thigh
• Gracilis

O: Inferior pubic ramus, symphysis pubis

I: Medial proximal tibia (pes anserine)

F: Also assists knee flexion
• Obturator externus

O: External margins of obturator foramen membrane

I: Piriformis fossa

F: Hip external rotation only
• Pectineus

O: Superior pubic ramus, pecten

I: Pectineal line femur

Anterior Compartment Muscles

• Common function: Knee extension (except sartorius)
• Quadriceps femoris : Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius muscles

Common tendon of insertion onto superior, lateral, medial patella
• Rectus femoris

O: Straight head = anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head = groove above acetabulum

I: Superior patella, tibial tuberosity

F: Also hip flexion

Crosses 2 joints
• Vastus lateralis

O: Superior intertrochanteric line femur, anterior and inferior greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum

I: Lateral tibial condyle (lateral patellar retinaculum), superolateral patella (quadriceps tendon)

Largest quadriceps muscle
• Vastus medialis

O: Entire medial lip of linea aspera, inferior intertrochanteric line, medial intermuscular septum

I: Tendon of rectus femoris muscle, superomedial patella (quadriceps tendon), medial condyle tibia (medial patellar retinaculum)
• Vastus intermedius

O: Anterior and lateral femoral shaft, inferior lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum

I: Blends along deep aspect of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis muscles
• Sartorius : Tailor’s muscle

O: Anterior superior iliac spine, notch below

I: Proximal medial tibia (pes anserine)

F: Hip flexion, abduction, external rotation; knee flexion

Crosses 2 joints

Longest muscle in body

Separate fascial covering
• Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle

Iliotibial tract/band : Lateral thickening fascia lata

– O: Tubercle iliac crest

– I: Anterolateral proximal tibia (Gerdy tubercle)

Posterior Compartment Muscles

• Common functions: Hip extension, knee flexion
• Hamstrings : Long head biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinosus, ischiocondylar portion of adductor magnus muscles

Does not include short head biceps femoris muscle
• Pes anserine

Common aponeurosis for insertion gracilis, semitendinosus, sartorius tendons

Pes anserine bursa between tendons and tibia
• Biceps femoris

Long head O: Ischial tuberosity (inferior, medial)

– Common tendon with semitendinosus muscle

Short head O: Lateral lip of linea aspera femur, lateral supracondylar line, lateral intermuscular septum

– Not part of hamstring muscles

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Apr 9, 2020 | Posted by admin in MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING | Comments Off

TERMINOLOGY

Abbreviations

IMAGING ANATOMY

Compartment Anatomy

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Thigh Muscles

Thigh Muscles

Medial Compartment Muscles

Anterior Compartment Muscles

Posterior Compartment Muscles

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