2    A 40-year-old nursing home resident with neurocognitive deficits and urinary retention is found to have bladder cancer attributable to a chronic indwelling Foley catheter. Which of the following risk factors for bladder cancer is classically associated with the same malignant cell type?

  3    A 60-year-old male with a 50-pack-year smoking history presents with pelvic pain and gross hematuria. A CT is performed demonstrating a left anterolateral bladder mass that is later confirmed to be urothelial carcinoma. Based on the TNM classification system and below imaging findings, what is the T stage of this tumor?

  4    A 30-year-old female with postvoid dribbling undergoes pelvic MR to localize a suspected urethral diverticulum. She has questions about the safety of MRI. What is the maximum allowed whole-body specific absorption rate for an otherwise healthy patient based on FDA guidelines?

  5    A 25-year-old female with recurrent urinary tract infections undergoes a fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). If the analog spatial resolution of this study is 4 lp/mm, what is the pixel spacing required to preserve this resolution in a digital format?

  6    Where along the male urethra are the glands of Littre?

  7    A 42-year-old male with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with abdominal pain and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A urine specimen is obtained with a Foley catheter, and a CT of the abdomen and pelvis is performed (below). What is the most appropriate management?

  8    A 72-year-old male inpatient with congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and sepsis presents with hematuria. A CT urogram is performed demonstrating a mass in the urinary bladder, and an image representative of the entire abnormality is shown below. Which of the following risk factors would best explain the imaging findings?

  9    A 55-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia presents with palpitations and fainting spells during micturition. A CT is performed demonstrating an enlarged prostate gland and a small 1-cm mass along the left lateral bladder wall. Which of the following bladder tumors is classically associated with this history?

  10    A 25-year-old male suffers severe pelvic trauma and develops a type II urethral injury. Which of the following mechanisms is most strongly associated with this injury pattern?

  11    A 55-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra presents for an MR of the penis to determine local disease extent. Which of the following TE and flip angle combinations will produce the most T1 weighting on a gradient echo pulse sequence using a TR of 50 msec?

  12    A 28-year-old radiology resident in her 22nd week of pregnancy is scheduled to perform fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) while on the genitourinary radiology service. What is the regulatory radiation dose limit for her fetus once she declares her pregnancy?

  13    A 14-year-old male is involved in an equestrian accident and presents with blood at the urethral meatus. He undergoes a retrograde urethrogram. How would you classify this urethral injury?

  14    A 32-year-old male with no relevant past medical history was involved in a motor vehicle collision and sustained pelvic trauma. A retrograde urethrogram was performed and is shown below. What best characterizes the findings in the posterior urethra?

  15    A 20-year-old male trauma victim presents with blood at the urethral meatus. What is the best next step to evaluate this patient’s suspected injury?

  16    An 85-year-old male with asymptomatic microhematuria undergoes a CT urogram and is noted to have an unusually shaped bladder. What is the etiology of this finding?

  17    A 50-year-old female with recurrent urinary tract infections undergoes a CT urogram. Which of the following risk factors best explains her recurrent infections?

  18    A 57-year-old female with leukemia undergoes an unenhanced CT for gross hematuria. Which of the following chemotherapeutics is the most likely cause of the imaging findings?

  19    A 65-year-old male has multiple urinary tract infections 5 years after prostatectomy and salvage radiotherapy for T3a prostate cancer. A cystogram is performed. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

  20    A 52-year-old female with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with urinary incontinence. An intravenous urogram is performed. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  21    What visible anatomic landmark most reliably signifies the junction between the anterior and posterior urethra on retrograde urethrography?

  22    A 69-year-old male undergoes radical prostatectomy for Gleason sum 7 prostate cancer. A cystogram is performed 2 weeks later. What best describes the imaging findings?

  23    A 60-year-old male with bladder cancer and a hip replacement undergoes contrast-enhanced MR of the pelvis with both extracellular gadolinium-based contrast material and ultrasmall iron oxide particles (USPIO). Match the materials with the corresponding class of susceptibility.

  24    What is a “watering can perineum”?

  25    A 50-year-old male with history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and difficulty with urination undergoes a retrograde urethrogram. What best describes the imaging findings?

  26    A 29-year-old female with right flank pain and a dilated right collecting system undergoes a CT urogram. What is likely the underlying cause of this patient’s collecting system dilation?

  27    A 33-year-old female with pelvic discomfort and a soft palpable mass along the anterior vaginal wall undergoes pelvic MR. Representative T2-weighted images with and without fat saturation are shown below. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  28    Where is the verumontanum?

  29    A 70-year-old male undergoes a postoperative cystogram. What is the best explanation for the appearance of the bladder?

  30    A 66-year-old male with fevers undergoes a retroperitoneal ultrasound demonstrating gas in the bladder wall. What is the cause of the so-called “dirty shadowing” posterior to the gas?