Changes in Bone Density: Increased



10.1055/b-0034-87944

Changes in Bone Density: Increased













































































Table 5.91 Bone density: increased density (osteosclerosis)

Diagnosis


Findings


Comments


Osteosclerosis of premature infants and neonates


Generalized increased density of all the bones.


Physiologic variant with no clinical signs. Normalizes within the first 3 mo.


Bone infarcts


Fig. 5.36, p. 519


Patchy regions of increased sclerosis that may coalesce.


Bone infarcts after steroid therapy for inflammatory conditions or tumor treatment. Sickle cell disease.


Renal osteodystrophy with secondary hyperparathyroidism


Fig. 5.69, p. 542


Diffuse sclerosis with trabecular thickening.



Vitamin D–resistant rickets on vitamin D therapy


Fig. 5.62, p. 537


Increased density of diaphyses and metaphyses.


During therapy, sclerosis develops at sites of prior lucency.


Intrauterine infections


Increased diaphyseal and metaphyseal density.


Celery stalk pattern of the metaphyses. Congenital rubella and cytomegalovirus infections.


Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schönberg disease)


Fig. 5.67, p. 540


Fig. 5.80, p. 549


Generalized increase in bone density.


Sclerosis obliterates bone marrow preventing hematopoiesis.


Hypervitaminosis D


Increased metaphyseal cortical density, particularly at the diaphyseal junction.


After long-term ingestion of high doses of vitamin D.


Williams-Beuren syndrome (Williams syndrome)


(see Table 5.45 )



Fluorosis


Combined picture of osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and osteosclerosis.


Excessive consumption of fluoride. Bone pain and arthralgias. Calcification of ligaments.


Melorheostosis


Fig. 5.9, p. 498


Marked cortical thickening and characteristic dripping candle wax appearance.


Localized painful swelling and growth disturbances. Follows distribution of dermatomes.


Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy


(see Table 5.56 )



Endosteal hyperostosis (van Buchem and Worth types)


(see Table 5.56 )



Pycnodysostosis


Generalized bone sclerosis and mild modeling deformity of the bones.


Short-limbed dwarfism with generalized increase in bone density. Brittle bones. Acroosteolysis.


Diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann disease)


(see Table 5.56 )



Erdheim-Chester disease (polyostotic sclerosing histiocytosis)



Usually affects adults. Progressive and widespread patchy sclerosis of the intramedullary region of bones with loss of the corticomedullary junction. Coarse trabecular architecture. Focal rib lesions.


Primary hyperoxaluria (oxalosis)


Osteoporosis in the early phase and diffuse bone sclerosis in the advanced stage. Subchondral sclerosis in the long bones. Metaphyseal sclerosis, dense epiphyses.


Growing ends of bones show bulbous enlargement. Pathologic fractures are common. Growth disturbance and increased incidence of urinary calculi due to hyperoxaluria.

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Jul 12, 2020 | Posted by in PEDIATRIC IMAGING | Comments Off on Changes in Bone Density: Increased

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