The last part of this book is concerned with miscellaneous applications, which include some single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) and integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) applications that do not fit under a standard heading and warrant some discussion by themselves. Malignant disease is discussed in Part V, and this part covers benign disease conditions, but there is some overlap. Notably, benign thyroid and parathyroid disease as well as benign bone tumors are discussed here, but the reader should also refer to Chapter 37 on thyroid tumors and Chapter 51 on bone tumors, as imaging of benign conditions and imaging of malignant ones have similarities. There is a short (and admittedly inconclusive) note on SPECT-CT applications in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism, and the book ends with a discussion of pediatric applications, which overlap applications discussed in other chapters. It was decided to separate the pediatric part because many special
considerations arise when dealing with children. As SPECT, PET, and CT use ionizing radiation, the application of these modalities in imaging children has to be done with even more diligence than when evaluating adults, and alternative imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography need to be considered carefully.