Generally indicates interposition of an extra-anatomic conduit between RV free wall and pulmonary arteries (confluence or MPA).

In case of TGA and unrestrictive VSD (± pulmonary stenosis), the LVOT is tunneled to the aorta through the large VSD (aortic tunnel or baffle). The native pulmonary artery is closed and the Rastelli conduit is interposed, preferably to the left of the aorta but always depending on the congenital anatomy.

Always look for pulmonary conduit obstruction/regurgitation.

Vasodilator agent used in myocardial stress perfusion.

A_2a adenosine receptor agonist.

Vasodilatation without beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation.

Can be used in patient with asthma or COPD.

Half-life: 2–3 mins.

Single bolus administration.

Dose: 0.4 mg at 5 ml/s.

Contraindications: (1) high-grade AV block; (2) sinus bradycardia.

Side effects: transient heart block, transient hypotension, transient tachycardia.

Antagonist: aminophylline, 50–100 mg over 1 min, injection can be repeated up to 250 mg total dose.

See also Perfusion Imaging, Myocardial.

Condition characterized by impaired diastolic dysfunction due to reduce ventricular compliance.

Causes: (1) infiltrative myocardial disease: amyloidosis, sarcoidosis; (2) non-infiltrative myocardial disease: idiopathic, scleroderma; (3) myocardial storage disease: glycogen or lysosomal storage disease, hemochromatosis; (4) endomyocardial disease: hypereosinophilic syndrome, endomyocardial fibrosis, carcinoid, metastatic malignancy.

CT/MR: (1) concentric hypertrophy; (2) biatrial enlargement; (3) pattern of late enhancement.

Differential diagnosis: constrictive pericarditis, important to distinguish because pericarditis can be treated surgically.