Also known as “pulseless disease.”

Necrotizing and obliterative large-vessel panarteritis, which affects mostly young women (80 %).

Inflammatory process leads to occlusion and narrowing of the aorta and its branches.

Aortic involvement is common, wherein the abdominal aorta is the most affected, followed by the descending thoracic aorta and aortic arch.

Aneurysmal evolution and rupture of the affected aortic segments are not uncommon.

CT/MR: in early-stage crescentic or ringlike aortic thickening of more than 3 mm.

Numano Group Classification:

Differential diagnosis: (1) large-vessel acute infections (mycotic aneurysm); (2) chronic infections (syphilis and TBC, especially in HIV patients); (3) radiation-induced fibromuscular dysplasia; (4) juvenile atherosclerosis.

Acute onset of chest pain and completely reversible regional contractile dysfunction, usually in the LV apical region.

Probably due to transient coronary vasospasm secondary to stressful condition.

MR: (1) apical LV akinesia; (2) apical myocardial edema; (3) no LE.

Differential diagnosis: acute myocardial infarct.

Low or rapid accumulation of blood, fluid, gas, or neoplastic tissue in pericardial cavity.

Classification: (1) acute; (2) subacute; (3) occult (low pressure).

Characteristics: (1) diastolic collapse of RV free wall and RA (first sign of RA collapse but unspecific); (2) dilated IVC with no inspiratory collapse.

Congenital disease in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from both ventricles associated with VSD.

To calculate CEMRA acquisition time: (contrast arrival time + 1/2 injection time) – center K space.

Commonest cyanotic congenital cardiac disease.

Characteristics: (1) large nonrestrictive VSD; (2) overriding aorta; (3) RVOT obstruction; (4) RV hypertrophy.

The commonest cyanotic cardiac disease presenting outside the neonatal period.

Overriding aorta: 50 % of the aorta is beyond the interventricular septal crest.

Surgical repair: (1) VSD closure with Gore-Tex® or pericardium patch; (2) RVOT obstruction relief by transannular patching, valvectomy, or placing a homograft/conduit between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Surgical correction in infant with transannular or infundibular patch, depending on the anatomy.

Dilatation of the RV in repaired tetralogy of Fallot is common and due to significant pulmonary regurgitation. Pulmonary valve implantation, either surgical or transcatheter, is needed in severe RV dilatation (iRVEDV > 150 ml/m²) to avoid RV failure and malignant arrhythmias.

Always look at branch pulmonary artery stenosis or dilatation quantifying the split pulmonary artery forward flow.

Post-contrast 3D SSFP navigator sequence in sagittal acquisition to better understand intracardiac and thoracic congenital and postsurgical anatomy.

Relationship between coronaries (particularly LCA) and RVOT is very important for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.

See Iron Overload.

TDI: echocardiography technique to assess the displacement of low velocity structure.

Accurate way to assess regional ventricle wall motion or track mitral/tricuspid annular motion and correlate it with ventricular systolic function or relaxation.

Palliative operation for patient with univentricular heart.

IVC connected to pulmonary artery using an intra-atrial tunnel combined with a Glenn shunt to SVC.

See also Fontan Intervention.

TAVR: alternative treatment in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis and other comorbidities.

A retrograde transarterial technique (femoral or subclavian artery) or an antegrade transapical implantation technique via the tip of the left ventricle is utilized.

Optimal positioning of the transcatheter aortic prosthesis relative to the annulus is critical.

Valve positioned too high: (1) increased risk of paravalvular regurgitation; (2) aortic injury; (3) embolization into the aorta.

Valve positioned too low: (1) mitral valve dysfunction; (2) heart block; (3) paravalvular regurgitation; (4) embolization into the left ventricle.

CT: (1) anatomic assessment of the aortic root structures; (2) course of the descending aorta and the iliofemoral access.

Accurate analysis and measurement of the annulus are crucial for correct selection of prosthesis size and type and to avoid damage of the annulus.