Voiding Cystourethrogram
PROCEDURE
See Figure 61-1 for normal urethral anatomy.
1. Empty the bladder.
2. Catheterize bladder, record residual volume (normal <100 mL).
3. Fill bladder with contrast by gravity, fluoro intermittently, look for vesicoureteral reflux.
4. Spot film 1/1 bladder, partially filled.
5. Spot film 1/1 anteroposterior (AP) full bladder.
Spot film 1/1 obliques of both lower ureters (include ureterovesical junctions [UVJs]).
(Spot film 1/1 AP both kidneys if reflux and/or hydronephrosis is present.)
(Spot film 1/1 lateral bladder if study to rule out fistulae.)