The common femoral artery is the continuation of the external iliac artery. It begins at the level of the inguinal ligament and ends when it originates the arteria profunda femoris. The continuation of the common femoral artery is then called the superficial femoral artery. The superficial femoral artery extends down the leg, where it passes through the adductor canal originating the popliteal artery (Figs. 22.1, 22.2, 22.3).

Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the vessels in the groin and the relationship of the vessels with the femoral nerve is relevant for the current practice of medicine. Access to the arterial vascular system, including the abdominal aorta and the thoracic aorta and branches is mostly through femoral artery puncture. The femoral nerve (most lateral), the common femoral artery (in the center), and the common femoral vein (most medial) have a constant relationship when they pass under the inguinal ligament and reach the inguinal compartment, surrounded by muscles forming a bundle (Fig. 22.2). The common femoral artery is best palpated in the deepest fossa at the level of the inguinal crease.