Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive disease, accounting for up to 3% of malignant tumors. In Russia, more than 14,000 cases of pancreatic cancer are diagnosed each year. According to Lemke et al. (2013), the 5-year survival rate is only 5%. More than 90% of pancreatic cancer is represented by cancer that develops from the pancreatic ductal epithelium (mainly adenocarcinoma) and 10.5% by cancer arising from islet cells. The prognosis for these patients is extremely unfavorable. Pancreatic carcinomas are primarily characterized by the lymphogenous spread to the regional lymph nodes and lymph collectors around the celiac trunk and aorta (Pneumaticos et al. 2009). Hematogenous metastases of pancreatic cancer affect the liver (80% of cases), peritoneum (50%) (Schneider et al. 2005), lungs (17%) (Sancho-Chust 2009), less frequently muscles (Wafflart et al. 1996), kidneys (Martino et al. 2004), skin (Otegbayo et al. 2005), heart (Robinson et al. 1982), pleura (Turiaf et al. 1969), stomach (Takamori et al. 2005), and prostate (Merseburger et al. 2005).

The spread of tumor cells to colonize distant organs is a major factor in deaths of cancer patients (Steeg et al. 2016).

Pancreatic cancer rarely metastasizes to the brain (El Kamar et al. 2004; Lemke et al. 2013; Matsumoto and Yoshida 2015). According to the literature, a total of 18 cases were described of pancreatic cancer with brain metastases since 1978 (Table 19.1). Park et al. (2003) identified metastases to the brain in only four patients (0.3%) in the group of 1229 patients with pancreatic cancer; the median survival in this group was 2.9 months (Table 19.1