Pancreatic Cancer (PC)

, Valery Kornienko2 and Igor Pronin2



(1)
N.N. Blockhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia

(2)
N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia

 



Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive disease, accounting for up to 3% of malignant tumors. In Russia, more than 14,000 cases of pancreatic cancer are diagnosed each year. According to Lemke et al. (2013), the 5-year survival rate is only 5%. More than 90% of pancreatic cancer is represented by cancer that develops from the pancreatic ductal epithelium (mainly adenocarcinoma) and 10.5% by cancer arising from islet cells. The prognosis for these patients is extremely unfavorable. Pancreatic carcinomas are primarily characterized by the lymphogenous spread to the regional lymph nodes and lymph collectors around the celiac trunk and aorta (Pneumaticos et al. 2009). Hematogenous metastases of pancreatic cancer affect the liver (80% of cases), peritoneum (50%) (Schneider et al. 2005), lungs (17%) (Sancho-Chust 2009), less frequently muscles (Wafflart et al. 1996), kidneys (Martino et al. 2004), skin (Otegbayo et al. 2005), heart (Robinson et al. 1982), pleura (Turiaf et al. 1969), stomach (Takamori et al. 2005), and prostate (Merseburger et al. 2005).

The spread of tumor cells to colonize distant organs is a major factor in deaths of cancer patients (Steeg et al. 2016).

Pancreatic cancer rarely metastasizes to the brain (El Kamar et al. 2004; Lemke et al. 2013; Matsumoto and Yoshida 2015). According to the literature, a total of 18 cases were described of pancreatic cancer with brain metastases since 1978 (Table 19.1). Park et al. (2003) identified metastases to the brain in only four patients (0.3%) in the group of 1229 patients with pancreatic cancer; the median survival in this group was 2.9 months (Table 19.1


Table 19.1
Localization of pancreatic cancer metastases in the brain structures



































































































































 
Author (No.)

Year

Number of patients

Sex/age

Site of metastases in the brain

1

Ferreira Montero V. et.al.

1983

1

M/62

No data available

2

Shangaĭ V.A.

1984

1

M/57

No data available

3

Kuratsu jun-ichi et.al.

1990

2

M/56

Thalamus

M/58

vermis cerebelli

4

Ohira et al.

1991

1

M/25

bilateral temporal

5

Tsuji et al.

1996

1

F/62

Multiple

6

Ferreira Filho et al.

2001

1

M/49

Carcinomatous meningitis

7

Yamada K. et.al.

2002

1

M/62

Multiple

8

Park K.S. et al.

2003

4

M/48

Multiple

M/51

L. frontal lobe

M/52

L. parietal lobe

M/62

L. frontal, L. basal ganglia

9

El Kamar FG

2004

1

M/56

hemispheres and pons

10

Caricato M. et.al.

2006

1

M/67

Cerebellum

11

Kimura et al.

2008

1

M/50

Multiple

12

Naugler C. et.al.

2008

1

F/66

Pinus

13

Zaanan et al.

2009

1

M/57

Multiple

14

Matsumura T. et.al.

2009

1

M/64

No data available

15

Marepaily et al.

2009

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Dec 17, 2017 | Posted by in NEUROLOGICAL IMAGING | Comments Off on Pancreatic Cancer (PC)

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