An imaging pattern in which the left ventricle or left ventricular (LV) cavity appears larger on the stress images than at rest is called:

At rest, the cardiac output and stroke volume:

Which of the following statements describing the concept of myocardial hibernation and/or stunning is FALSE?

Which view is recommended for performing a first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA)?

Which of the following statements correctly describes lung uptake of Tl-201 and the Tc-99m-based tracers?

Which of the following PET algorithms uses the difference between arrivals of coincidence photons on both sides of the detector ring?

The physiologic process of programmed cell death, by which organisms selectively target cells to be eliminated when they are no longer needed, is called:

In normal SPECT images, the lateral wall may often appear brighter than the contralateral septum because of:

All of the following are the major vasodilators used for pharmacologic MPI EXCEPT:

Which of the following is identified as an index of the functional significance of a coronary stenosis?

The diaphragmatic attenuation artifact results in a perfusion defect in the myocardial segments commonly supplied by the:

During exercise, the value of arterial oxygen saturation normally does not decrease by more than:

If a point source and a 360°orbit are used, an alignment error between the center of the electronic matrix of the camera and the mechanical center-of-rotation (COR) is called:

The primary reason that Tc-99m pyrophosphate has NOT gained widespread clinical use is its limitation in the detection of:

Attenuation artifacts cause an increase in false-positive studies which results in MPI:

Which of the following tracers exhibits kinetic properties that very closely approach those of the ideal tracer of myocardial blood flow?

A state of persistent left ventricular dysfunction, resulting from a chronic and sustained reduction in myocardial blood flow is called:

If the position of the patient is different during stress and rest imaging, soft tissue attenuation artifacts may produce:

The application of three principles called justification, optimization, and limitation is aimed to:

In patients with coronary artery disease, coronary flow reserve (CFR):

The use of quantitative perfusion SPECT in myocardial perfusion imaging may assist in differentiating:

Which of the following findings from exercise ST is least likely to be associated with an adverse prognosis and multivessel CAD?

An increase in scintillator thickness will result in the camera’s:

Which of the following medications will increase the sensitivity of Tc-99m-based tracers for detection of viable myocardium?

Electrocardiogram-gated SPECT offers useful:

A PET study with which of the following tracers requires subtraction of blood pool activity?

Which of the following diagnostic modalities/procedures is considered the gold standard by which other diagnostic tests for CAD are judged?

Increased carbon dioxide production observed during exercise results in:

Dipyridamole causes vasodilation:

Pattern of substrate uptake and utilization by the human myocardium in the fasting state is characterized by the:

The view comprising long-axis tomograms generated by slicing in the vertical plane through the short-axis perspective is called:

Automatic interpretations of ECG tracings are generally NOT accurate for:

Improving the spatial resolution of a collimator by restricting the range of incident angles will result in the collimator’s:

Relative number of beats collected at a specific R-R intervals is called a beat:

The orientation that views the heart from the right ventricle to the left ventricle is called:

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the kinetic properties of Rb-82?

Flow through the coronary circulation depends on the pressure gradient between:

The frequency at which the filter value is equal to 0.5 is called:

All of the following pharmacological stress agents work directly on the coronary vessels to increase blood flow EXCEPT:

In healthy persons, the PR, QRS, and QT intervals:

The ability of the filters to both amplify and attenuate frequencies in selected ranges is a characteristic feature of:

Which of the following is the most common reason for stopping an exercise test?

Attenuation artifacts of the anterior and anterolateral myocardial walls may occur in men with:

Which of the following frame times is recommended for a first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA)?

The Butterworth filter is an example of:

The images in a typical rest-stress myocardial perfusion study with Rb-82 chloride are acquired in the following order:

A 73-year-old man with a history of CABG, and with a family history of a younger brother who had coronary artery bypass surgery, presents to ED with complaints of intermittent lightheadedness and dizziness. His ECG (Fig. 3.2) indicates:

An exercise workload of 3–5 METs (metabolic equivalent of task) is consistent with:

An alkaloid that reduces vagal tone, consequently increasing the HR and enhancing conduction through the bundle of His is called:

Which of the following is usually chosen as the isoelectric point for ECG interpretation?

Large, pendulous breasts are more likely to attenuate:

Exercise myocardial perfusion studies in patients with LBBB mimic stress-induced ischemia in the:

Which of the following radiotracers has the shortest myocardial retention time?

The radiotracer administration through an adenosine infusion line may result in:

Tc-99m tetrofosmin, when compared to Tc-99m sestamibi, has:

Which of the following describes the positrons emitted by N-13 NH3?

An important cellular signaling molecule, as well as a powerful vasodilator with a short half-life of a few seconds in the blood, is called:

Figure 3.3 represents the LV volume curve derived from an 8-frame gated myocardial perfusion imaging study using 4D-MSPECT. The end systolic volume (ESV) of the LV is approximately:

Regadenoson stimulated coronary vasodilation and an increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) results from:

Myocardial oxygen consumption described as mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVO₂) at a resting heart rate is about:

Heterogeneity in myocardial blood flow (BF) in patients with CAD observed during a radionuclide stress test is caused by:

When estimating functional capacity, the amount of work performed should be measured in:

SPECT myocardial perfusion images usually use a standardized display in which data sets are normalized to:

When equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography (ERNA) is performed, the best septal view is usually achieved at:

Isolated reversible perfusion defect of the septum in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB):

PET camera electronics are created such that counts are recorded only when signals from opposite side detectors are registered:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents with a spectrum of diseases, from stable angina and unstable angina, to myocardial infarction. As per current guidelines, the particular syndrome is determined by all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the following statements correctly describe advantages of single-isotope MPI over dual isotope imaging EXCEPT:

Figure 3.4 displays images acquired during a routine 32 frames multi-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan. The end systole image is labeled:

If the patient’s resting heart rate is 60 beats/min, an 8-frame acquisition across the cardiac cycle comprises:

The presence of interventricular septal flattening on MPI SPECT studies indicates:

All of the following ECG changes observed during a stress test are classified as a positive ECG response to stress EXCEPT:

The appearance of the “Reverse redistribution” phenomenon can be created by all of the following EXCEPT:

The administration of Tc-99m albumin aggregate particles when performing a R-L shunt study involves the risk of causing:

Sestamibi is principally cleared by:

Voluntary motion of the patient in response to discomfort experienced in the course of PET/CT imaging most commonly occur:

Referral bias is a form of a systematic error that can result in:

Which of the following stress test modalities has the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of CHD?

The maximal plasma concentration of regadenoson (Lexiscan) is achieved within:

The ventricle has two alternating functions-systolic ejection and:

Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) crystals are:

Which of the following exercise stress test findings/symptoms indicate a low probability of coronary artery disease (select three)?

Which of the following energy window settings is appropriate for the 70 keV and the 167-keV peak of Tl-201?

A vasodilator should be used in stress testing for patients unable to perform the standard exercise stress test or in patients who have (select two):

False-negative (FN) test results of MPI relate to patients with:

The major inotropic/chronotropic agent used for pharmacologic radionuclide myocardial perfusion (rMPI) is:

A significant angiographic stenosis is present if a coronary artery is being narrowed by:

Figure 3.5 displays SA SPECT MPI images. Label D identifies the:

Radiation exposure to patients from cardiac single isotope rest/stress technetium imaging is approximately:

The typical end-diastolic volume (EDV) for the left ventricle is approximately:

The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) recommends the use of stress-only imaging in all of the following groups of patients EXCEPT:

All of the following are known confounders of exercise stress testing EXCEPT:

Tl-201 decays by electron capture to:

Which of the following statements describing half-lives of the most widely available pharmacologic vasodilators is CORRECT?

Which of the following groups of patients with suspected CAD have the highest rate of false-negative MPI tests?

A PET acquisition, in which lead or tungsten septa divide detector rings such that only plane-by-plane LORs are detected, is known as:

The difference between the amount of oxygen that enters the heart and that which leaves the heart per minute is called:

The presence of a focal defect in rest images that was not seen on stress images, or a focal defect in stress images that appears more severe on rest images, is called:

Which of the following hemodynamic effects are the most common after administration of Lexiscan?

Which of the following groups of patients have the highest risk of cardiac events when data from CT assessment of coronary-artery calcium (CAC) and information from MPI SPECT are combined?

A sestamibi kit for clinical use requires the addition of Tc-99m and must then be used:

Which of the following tests evaluating coronary artery disease is indicated in patients with an abnormal resting ECG?

Sensitivity and specificity of exercise and vasodilator stress myocardial perfusion SPECT with Tc-99m-based tracers for the detection of angiographically significant CAD is:

Which of the following radiopharmaceuticals is commonly used for detecting and quantifying R-L shunts?

The reduction in intensity of a beam of gamma rays, due to absorption and scatter, is called:

Adenosine is administered via an infusion pump at a dose of:

Which of the following is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease?

Which of the following group of patients has the lowest ratio of non-diagnostic exercise stress test results?

A 79-year-old woman presents with diabetes, breast cancer, progressive fatigue, anorexia, and several near-syncopal episodes. An ECG is performed in the office. Choose from the following responses to interpret this ECG (Fig. 3.6):

Which of the following statements describing risk stratification with coronary artery calcium (CAC) is FALSE?

What is the minimum amount of patient motion required to introduce a clinically significant artifact?

Failure to achieve a target age-predicted HR in the absence of positive ECG changes is regarded as:

Methods that include either line source or computed tomographic (CT) techniques are employed to create:

All of the following are absolute contraindications for adenosine stress testing EXCEPT:

Which of the following patients may require a second low dose of Tl-201 injection at rest to improve sensitivity for the detection of myocardial viability?