Soft tissues

Soft tissues

9.1

Gynaecomastia

Physiological

1. Neonatal – due to high placental oestrogens.

2. Pubertal – due to an excess of oestradiol over testosterone.

3. Senile – due to falling androgen and rising oestrogen levels with age.

Pathological

Pharmacological

1. Oestrogens or drugs with oestrogen-like activity – treatment of carcinoma of the prostate; digitalis.

2. Enhanced oestrogen synthesis – gonadotrophins, phenytoin.

3. Anti-androgens – spironolactone, metronidazole, alkylating agents, ketoconazole.

4. Idiopathic – phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, ACE inhibitors, omeprazole.

9.2

Linear and curvilinear calcification in soft tissues

Arterial

1. Atheroma/aneurysm.

2. Diabetes.

3. Hyperparathyroidism* – more common in secondary than primary.

Nerve

1. Leprosy.

2. Neurofibromatosis*.

Ligament

1. Tendonitis – supraspinatus.

2. Ankylosing spondylitis*.

3. Fluorosis.

4. Diabetes.

5. Alkaptonuria.

Bismuth injection

In the buttocks. ± Neuropathic joints.

Parasites

1. Cysticerci – oval with lucent centre. Often arranged in the direction of muscle fibres.

2. Guinea worm – irregular coiled appearance.

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Tags: Chapman & Nakielnys AIDS to Radiological Differential Diagnosis

Feb 23, 2016 | Posted by admin in GENERAL RADIOLOGY | Comments Off

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