Mycobacteriosis

Fig. 29.1

Maximum intensity projection ¹⁸F-FDG–PET image (a) shows multiple areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the thoracic region and in the upper abdomen (arrows). The axial CT (b), PET (c), and PET/CT (d) images show increased radiopharmaceutical uptake corresponding to pulmonary (b–d, first row), lymph node (b–d, second row), and liver (b–d, third row) lesions (arrows). These findings were suspicious for malignancy but histology demonstrated the presence of granulomatous disease and laboratory data suggested a TBC infection

Teaching Point

Mycobacteriosis (including TBC) frequently causes an increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in affected organs. Thus, in geographic regions with a high prevalence of granulomatous diseases, positive ¹⁸F-FDG–PET results should be interpreted with caution in differentiating benign from malignant abnormalities.

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