Radiology Key

Abstract Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a rare congenital heart defect. Prenatal diagnosis can be done on the four-chamber view, which shows an atretic tricuspid valve with no mobility and absence…

Abstract Pulmonary stenosis (PS) and pulmonary atresia (PA) are congenital heart defects affecting the pulmonary valve with a low incidence in the fetus. The diagnosis is made on the four-chamber…

Abstract Ebstein anomaly (EA) and tricuspid dysplasia (TD) are rare forms of congenital heart defects affecting the tricuspid valve with a wide spectrum of severity. Prenatal diagnosis is made on…

Abstract Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the most common cardiac defects (25%–30% of newborns), being frequently associated with more complex congenital heart defects (10% of fetuses with cardiac defects). The…

Abstract Aortic stenosis and atresia encompass a group of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) characterized by left outflow tract obstruction. It accounts for 3% of all CHDs. There is a 15%…

Abstract Both retrognathia and micrognathia are facial deformations related to the development or position of the fetal mandible. The former is characterized by an abnormal position in relation to the…

Abstract Facial dysmorphism includes all abnormalities of facial features that are usually associated with syndromic conditions. The objectives of this chapter are first to describe the systematic evaluation of the…

Abstract Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare congenital anomaly consisting of complete intrinsic obstruction of the fetal upper airway, usually located at the level of the larynx…

Abstract Orofacial clefts (CLPs) are the most common craniofacial anomaly. CLPs can be classified according to their location as unilateral, bilateral, or medial. The location of the defect is important…

Abstract Cystic hygroma is the most frequent fetal neck mass in first-trimester ultrasound (US). It consists of fluid-filled posterior or posterolateral cavities in the neck. The overall prognosis is poor…