Introduction
Chapter 2 described the various processes by which photons interact with matter. These interactions produce charged particles (electrons and possibly positrons) which then travel through matter, losing energy by collision…
of radiation levels
Chapter 3). Ion chambers can be used for such measurements; they have the advantage that they have a relatively uniform response over a wide range of energies and can be…
Introduction
1]. It is relatively cheap, safe, gives real time images and has good soft tissue contrast. As well as anatomical detail, ultrasound can exploit the Doppler effect to give information…
Imaging with x-ray, MRI and ultrasound
Introduction X-ray imaging Overview of x-ray imaging process Production of x-rays for imaging Information from absorption/scattering Differential attenuation in the primary beam Contrast media Scatter as unwanted background Anti-scatter grid …
requirements
Legislative requirements Until 1985, there were no legislative requirements specifically relating to the use of radiation in place within the UK. The use of radiation in medicine was relatively well…
descriptors
Chapter 2. Two other quantities are relevant when discussing radiation protection matters, these are equivalent dose and effective dose which have the units of Sieverts to indicate a change in…
Introduction
Chapter 17 of this book, and are summarized in the following section. As there are known risks of radiation exposure, levels of acceptable risk have been specified by international expert…
Radiation protection
Introduction Biological effects of radiation Stochastic hereditary effects Stochastic somatic effects Non-stochastic somatic effects Dose descriptors Equivalent dose Effective dose Background radiation Legislative requirements The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 [3] …
