Pulmonary CT: The Scanner, the Protocol, and the Dose
Introduction CT has become an indispensable part of diagnostic imaging in recent times. With the help of the money that the Beatles’ records made for Electrical and Music Industries (EMI),…
Cardiovascular CT
Introduction CT imaging of the heart plays an important role in anatomic and sometimes functional evaluation of the heart and coronary arteries. Coronary artery cardiac CT angiography (CTA) has substantially…
Radiographic Techniques
■ Conventional Chest X-Ray The chest radiograph is the most common radiographic procedure performed in the imaging department and is the initial imaging modality in a patient presenting with thoracic…
Step-by-Step Analysis of Cardiac Chambers in CT
■ Introduction Heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of heart disease. Hence, radiologists can…
Mediastinum, Chest Wall, and Diaphragm
■ Introduction The mediastinum, chest wall, and diaphragm can be evaluated by multiple imaging modalities, such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The chest radiograph is…
Normal Anatomy of the Lungs
▪ Introduction The lungs incorporate the parenchyma, vasculature, bronchial tree (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles), and a network of investing connective tissue that supports and connects the structures to one another….
Cystic adnexal lesions
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology The term adnexa includes the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, and their ligamentous attachments in the female pelvis. The fallopian tubes ◼ The fallopian tubes are paired tubular…
Abdominal/pelvic trauma
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Injuries depend upon patient composition, blunt versus penetrating injury, mechanism of injury, and strength of forces. ◼ Blunt trauma etiologies: motor vehicle crash, falls, assault, and…
Müllerian abnormalities
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ After the sixth week of gestation, in the absence of a Y chromosome, the paired Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts begin to form in female neonates. ◼ Over…
Focal uterine lesions
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology The uterus is a thick-walled muscular organ of the female reproductive system that lies in the true pelvis posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectosigmoid…
