Persistent Chest Pain
Fig. 22.1 A 60 year-old male, known to have severe peripheral vascular disease with chest pain. There is a focal outpoutching from the aortic arch (arrow) with overhanging edges in…
Hypercarbia and Difficulties in Mechanical Ventilation
Physiological reason Clinical condition Abnormally high CO2 production Catabolic state Hypoventilation Unadjusted ventilator settings Drugs Respiratory muscle weakness Reduced respiratory drive Ventilation/perfusion mismatch Lung collapse Atelectasis Pulmonary embolism COPD Alveolar/capillary…
Cardiogenic and Non-cardiogenic Shock
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) Hibernating or stunned myocardium Mechanical complications of MI Papillary muscle rupture Interventricular septum rupture Left ventricular free wall rupture Acute valvular regurgitation Acute myocarditis Septic cardiomyopathy…
Acute Gastrointestinal Luminal Hemorrhage
Upper GI tract Erosion ulcer Variceal bleeding Mallory-Weiss tear Vascular lesions Neoplasms Lower GI tract Diverticular disease Angiodysplasia Neoplasms Colitis Benign anorectal lesions Imaging Techniques Since endoscopic localization and control…
Seizures
Neurovascular Ischemic stroke Hemorrhage (traumatic or non-traumatic) Subarachnoid Intracerebral (hemorrhagic stroke, contusion) Subdural Arteriovenous malformation Cortical vein thrombosis Dural venous sinus thrombosis Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy…
Acutely Decreased Hemoglobin
Fig. 30.1 Longitudinal transabdominal ultrasound image of the right upper quadrant shows hypoechoic hemorrhage (arrows) anterior to the liver and in the hepatorenal fossa. Hyperdense acute hemorrhage (open arrow) is…
Brain Death
Coma No motor response to painful stimuli (e.g., pressure on supraorbital nerve, painful stimulus to nail bed or sternum) Absent brainstem reflexes Pupils mid-size or dilated, no response to bright…
Post-operative Trans-Abdominal Wall Succus Entericus or Stool Drainage
Fig. 27.1 Abdominal ultrasound in a 34-year-old male with history of Crohn’s disease and enterocutaneous fistula in the mid-abdomen. This patient presented with new drainage of pus from a new…
Ultrasound
Fig. 2.1 Measurement of the ovary, with a sonographic window provided by the full bladder Different types of probes operate at different frequencies. The human ear can detect sound from…
Pelvic Trauma
Fig. 37.1 A 42 year-old female presents after motor vehicle accident. (a) Post-contrast computed tomography (CT) images of the pelvis performed during the arterial phase shows focal active hemorrhage (arrow)…
