Radiology Key

  OCCIPITOATLANTO SEPARATION   KEYFACTS     Commonly a fatal injury caused by rupture of craniocervical ligaments (tectorial membrane, cruciate, apical, and alar ligaments) due to rapid deceleration with hyperflexion or hyperextension…

  SKULL FRACTURES   KEY FACTS     Linear fractures or sutural diastases with no underlying brain injury are generally not clinically significant; formation of leptomeningeal cysts and/or herniated brain (“growing fracture”)…

  ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING (ACOMM) ARTERY ANEURYSMS   KEY FACTS     Represent 30% to 35% of intracranial aneurysms.     Overall incidence of intracranial aneurysms is 2% to 8% of population; risk of…

  ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS   KEY FACTS     Congenital in nature, generally present in middle age (65% in patients >40 years of age).     Very rare, incidence of 1:100,000 individuals. Arteriovenous malformations…

  ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY)   KEYFACTS    This disease occurs predominantly in young men and is associated with histocompatibility antigen B27.    Ankylosing spondylitis is found in 1.4% of the…

  TRAUMA: AVULSION AND STRETCH INJURIES   KEY FACTS    Nerve root avulsions are generally caused by traction injuries of the extremities (in the lower cervical spine, they are related to…

  AMINO ACID DISORDERS   KEY FACTS     In this rare group of disorders, amino acid pathways are deficient, and proteolipids, which are essential for formation of myelin, are abnormal.  …

  MYELOMENINGOCELE AND MYELOCELE   KEY FACTS    Myelomeningocele and myelocele are both midline bone defects through which meninges and/ or neural placode (unfolded spinal cord) are visible; most discovered by…

  ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY   KEY FACTS     Most important peroxisomal disorder which is characterized by very long-chain fatty acids that are not metabolized and are elevated in serum and other body fluids….

  SPINAL CORD CAVERNOUS MALFORMATION   KEY FACTS     Histologically, cavernous malformations are composed of dilated vascular sinusoids devoid of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; there are no normal intervening neural…