HIFU Tissue Ablation: Concept and Devices
Fig. 1.1 (a) Schematic diagram showing the principle of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). (b) Slice of ex-vivo bovine showing a HIFU lesion. (c) Histological section showing the sharp demarcation…
Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Breast Cancer
Fig. 4.1 Dynamic contrast-enhanced bilateral 3 T MRI with fat suppression showing a mass in the right breast with an irregular enhancement pattern (a). The lesion has suspect enhancement kinetics…
MRI-Guided HIFU Methods for the Ablation of Liver and Renal Cancers
Fig. 3.1 Obstruction of the acoustic beam path by the thoracic cage. As the left illustration displays, only the caudal part of the kidneys can be reached by an extracorporeal…
Design of Microbubbles for Gene/Drug Delivery
Fig. 11.1 Illustration of the physical mechanisms underlying the biological effect of soft or hard shell Ultrasound Contrast Agents (Adapted from Kiessling et al. 2014) 11.2.3 Drug Delivery with UCA…
Microbubbles and Ultrasound: Therapeutic Applications in Diabetic Nephropathy
Model Model establishment Advantages Disadvantages STZ Wei et al. (2003) Type 1: chemical toxicity of STZ to target insulin-producing β cells Inexpensive; can be established in different strains; easy to…
HIFU for Palliative Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Stage T N M Median Survival, months Description IA T1 N0 M0 24.1 Tumor limited to the pancreas, ≤2 cm in greatest dimension, resectable IB T2 N0 M0 20.6 Tumor…
Sonodynamic Therapy: Concept, Mechanism and Application to Cancer Treatment
Fig. 22.1 Jablonski diagram outlining the photochemical processes involved in PDT Upon absorption (ABS) of light energy by the sensitizer, an electron is promoted from the singlet ground state (S0)…
Drug and Gene Delivery using Sonoporation for Cardiovascular Disease
Fig. 18.1 The representative cascade of events involved in sonoporation for gene therapy is as follows. Externally applied acoustic energy disrupts the intravascular acoustic microspheres, generating transient porosity within the…
MR-Guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound
Fig. 6.1 The skull bone. A complex medium for transcranial ultrasonic propagation Sound speed within the skull bone ranges between 1500 m/s in the liquid phase of porous regions, and…
Heat-Based Tumor Ablation: Role of the Immune Response
Methods Energy conduction Ablation volume Energy delivery Imaging guidance Ablation time (min) Ablation expense HIFU Heat cavitation Conformal ablation No tumor size limitation Transcutaneous No probe insertion Ultrasound MRI 30–120…
