Abnormal and Failed First-Trimester Pregnancy
KEY FACTS Terminology • Viable pregnancy defined as one with potential for live birth • Nonviable pregnancy is one that will not result in live birth • Probable intrauterine pregnancy…
Parotid Tumors
KEY FACTS Imaging • Pleomorphic adenoma ○ Most common parotid space tumor (80%) ○ Well defined, lobulated, solid, hypoechoic ○ Homogeneous internal echoes with posterior enhancement ○ Large tumors more…
Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion
KEY FACTS Terminology • Adnexal torsion is more accurate term than ovarian torsion, as torsion usually also includes fallopian tube Imaging • Ovary > 4 cm long or > 20…
Cervical Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Soft tissue mass in cervix: Hypoechoic or isoechoic ± necrosis • Hydro- or hematometra from cervical obstruction • Mass extending into upper vagina • MR is…
Spina Bifida
KEY FACTS Terminology • Open spina bifida (bone and skin defect ± sac) ○ Meningomyelocele: Sac + neural elements ○ Meningocele: Sac with fluid only ○ Myeloschisis: No sac (cord…
Abdominal Wall Hernia
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hernia: Weakness or defect in fibromuscular wall with protrusion of organ or tissue through defect Imaging • Midline hernias ○ Epigastric: Between xiphisternum and umbilicus ○…
Other Ectopics
KEY FACTS Imaging • Interstitial ectopic : Implantation in portion of tube crossing myometrium at cornua of uterus ○ Eccentrically located with respect to endometrial cavity ○ Bulges cornua of…
Soft Tissue Infection
KEY FACTS Terminology • Microbial infection of subcutaneous tissue (cellulitis), muscle (myositis), tendon (tenosynovitis), or fascia (fasciitis) • Abscess is focal fluid collection containing suppurative inflammatory material Imaging • Cellulitis…
Nabothian Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Mucus-filled cystic dilatation of endocervical gland • Tunnel cluster: Type of nabothian cyst characterized by complex multicystic dilatation of endocervical glands Imaging • Circumscribed, superficial, simple…
Prostatic Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Grayscale US ○ Prostate carcinoma (PCa) can appear as hypoechoic (60-70%), isoechoic/invisible (30-40%), rarely hyperechoic ± asymmetric capsular bulging or irregularity • Color Doppler US ○…
