Radiology Key

KEY FACTS Terminology • Malignant tumor of transitional epithelium extending from calyces to ureteral orifices • a.k.a. transitional cell carcinoma Imaging • Hypoechoic infiltrative tumor in renal pelvis or ureter…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Malformation complex characterized by varying degrees of developmental failure involving sacral and lumbar vertebrae and corresponding segments of spinal cord ○ Abnormal innervation affects lower extremity…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Variable appearance: Solid, cystic, or complex • Solid: Homogeneous or heterogeneous, hypervascular soft tissue components and areas of necrosis, calcifications • Cystic variant: Unilocular or multilocular,…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Ventricular septal defects (VSD) classified according to location ○ Membranous: Defect in outflow tract of left ventricle, immediately below aortic valve ○ Muscular: Defect in muscular…

GROSS ANATOMY Overview • Ovaries located in true pelvis, although exact position variable ○ Only pelvic organ entirely inside peritoneal sac ○ Laxity in ligaments allows some mobility ○ Location…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Cisterna magna (CM) measures > 10 mm on routine posterior fossa view • Cerebellar hemispheres and vermis otherwise normal • Most often normal variant : <…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Congenital heart disease with 4 components ○ Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction ○ Right ventricular hypertrophy ○ Ventricular septal defect (VSD) ○ Aorta overrides or…

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations • Origin (O), insertion (I) Definitions • Junctional region between thigh and trunk IMAGING ANATOMY Overview • Incorporates lower abdominal wall, inguinal canal, femoral triangle, and femoral adductor…

KEY FACTS Imaging • Exophytic mixed cystic/solid mass extending from sacrum ○ Variable size but often large, with potential for extremely rapid growth ○ Commonly extends into pelvis and abdomen…

KEY FACTS Terminology • Rare catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla • Termed paraganglioma if extraadrenal Imaging • Best diagnostic clue ○ Adrenal mass in setting of…