KEY FACTS Terminology • Diverticulum: Focal sac-like outpouching off colon • Diverticulosis: Presence of uncomplicated diverticula • Diverticulitis: Inflammation of colonic diverticulum Imaging • Diverticulosis with adjacent inflamed echogenic pericolic…
KEY FACTS Terminology • Benign, fluid-filled nonneoplastic renal lesion not meeting criteria of simple renal cyst, Bosniak classes II, IIF, and III Imaging • Round, oval, or irregular-shaped anechoic lesion…
KEY FACTS Terminology • Choroid plexus cysts (CPC) are unilocular cysts usually located in the posterior thick portion of choroid plexus Imaging • CPC are most often incidental isolated findings…
KEY FACTS Terminology • Defect in skull with protrusion of intracranial structures ○ Encephalocele: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain tissue, and meninges ○ Meningocele: Meninges and CSF Imaging • Bony defect…
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY Key Embryological Events • Multiple events occur in 1st trimester ○ Ovulation with resultant corpus luteum in ovary ○ Fertilization of ovum → zygote ○ Zygote cleavage…
TERMINOLOGY Synonyms • Lower leg; calf GROSS ANATOMY Osseous Anatomy • Tibia ○ Proximal tibiofibular joint – Head of fibula and lateral condyle tibia joined by synovial-lined fibrous capsule –…
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY Overview • For patient, her family, and her support system, imaging of fetal face is one of most anticipated parts of ultrasound exam ○ Studies have shown…
KEY FACTS Terminology • Autoimmune disorder with long-acting, thyroid-stimulating antibodies producing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid Imaging • Mild/moderate diffuse, symmetric enlargement of thyroid gland, including isthmus • Hypoechoic, heterogeneous,…
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cystic, balloon-like dilatation of intramural portion of distal ureter bulging into bladder • Orthotopic ureterocele (less common) : Normal insertion at trigone and otherwise normal ureter…
KEY FACTS Terminology • Chronic venous insufficiency refers to venous valvular incompetence in superficial, deep, and perforating veins • Venous reflux that persists for longer than 0.5 s at any…
