Varicose Veins/Incompetent Perforator
KEY FACTS Terminology • Chronic venous insufficiency refers to venous valvular incompetence in superficial, deep, and perforating veins • Venous reflux that persists for longer than 0.5 s at any…
Arachnoid Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cerebrospinal fluid collection enclosed within layers of arachnoid membrane (i.e., extraaxial location inside skull but outside brain) Imaging • Usually single, extraaxial, thin walled, smoothly marginated,…
Appendicitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Acute inflammation of appendix, which may be precipitated by obstruction of lumen Imaging • Blind-ended, aperistaltic, thick-walled tubular structure with gut signature • Length ranges between…
Neck Veins
TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations • Internal jugular vein (IJV) • External jugular vein (EJV) • Retromandibular vein (RMV) GROSS ANATOMY Overview • Major extracranial venous system composed of facial veins, neck veins,…
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Malignant tumor of transitional epithelium extending from calyces to ureteral orifices • a.k.a. transitional cell carcinoma Imaging • Hypoechoic infiltrative tumor in renal pelvis or ureter…
Ligament Injury
KEY FACTS Terminology • Ligament: Fibrous band that connects 2 bones and helps stabilize intervening joint Imaging • Ligament tears can be partial or complete and have same appearance irrespective…
Functional Ovarian Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Follicular cyst (FC) forms from persistent follicle, ovulation does not occur • Corpus luteum cyst (CLC) forms from graafian follicle following ovulation Imaging • FC: Intraovarian…
Renal Angiomyolipoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Discrete renal mass with varying amounts of dysmorphic blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue • Variable size, can be very large • Single or…
Rotator Cuff/Biceps Tendon Tear
KEY FACTS Terminology • Partial-thickness, full-thickness, or complete tear Imaging • Supraspinatus tendon tears most common close to or at insertional area, especially anterior fibers ○ Most tears are avulsive…
Epidermoid Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Slow-growing subdermal cyst that contains keratin and is lined by stratified squamous epithelium ○ Does not contain dermal elements (dermoid cyst) Imaging • Ultrasound appearances depend…
