Pyonephrosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Obstructed renal collecting system containing pus or infected urine Imaging • Presence of mobile debris and layering of low-amplitude echoes within dilated collecting system on US…
Renal Metastases
KEY FACTS Imaging • Usually small and round, may be wedge-shaped • Usually cortical; rarely disrupting renal contour or capsule ○ Large, exophytic metastases may be encountered • Hypoechoic, hyperechoic,…
Nephrocalcinosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Medullary nephrocalcinosis (NC), cortical NC • Calcification of renal parenchyma Imaging • Medullary NC: Generalized increased echogenicity of renal pyramids with reversal of normal corticomedullary differentiation ±…
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Recurrent episodes of acute pyogenic cholangitis with intra- and extrahepatic biliary pigment stones • Synonyms: Hepatolithiasis, oriental cholangiohepatitis Imaging • Intra- and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatations…
Renal Infarct
KEY FACTS Terminology • Global or focal renal hypoperfusion → tissue ischemia and eventually, parenchymal loss Imaging • Sonographic diagnosis is difficult; evaluation by CT/MR more common • ± alteration…
Renal Lymphoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Primary: Involvement of kidneys without evidence of other organ or nodal involvement; extremely rare: < 1% • Secondary: Dissemination of extrarenal lymphoma; more common Imaging •…
Gallbladder Adenomyomatosis
KEY FACTS Imaging • Gallbladder (GB) wall thickening with intramural hyperechoic foci and comet-tail reverberation artifacts • V-shaped comet-tail artifacts from debris in GB wall cystic spaces ○ Twinkling artifacts…
Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis
KEY FACTS Imaging • Enlarged, edematous, hypoechoic kidney due to outflow obstruction • Absence or decreased color flow in renal vein at hilum • Patent renal artery early, later renal…
Splenic Cyst
KEY FACTS Imaging • Can be classified as primary (congenital) vs. secondary (acquired) or true (epithelial lined) vs. false (no epithelial lining) ○ Secondary more common than primary (80% vs….
Perinephric Hematoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hemorrhagic collection in perinephric spaces: Subcapsular, perirenal, anterior and posterior pararenal Imaging • Avascular solid or cystic masses in 1 or more perinephric spaces • Echogenicity…
