Hepatocellular Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ○ Primary malignancy of liver arising from hepatocytes • Synonyms: Hepatoma, primary liver cancer Imaging • Ultrasound: Primary test for screening/surveillance for HCC…
Portal Hypertension
KEY FACTS Terminology • Portal hypertension: Pressure gradient > 12 mm Hg between main portal vein (PV) and IVC &/or hepatic veins Imaging • Ultrasound for 1st-line evaluation of portal…
Hepatic Metastases
KEY FACTS Terminology • Malignant spread of neoplasm to hepatic parenchyma Imaging • Grayscale ultrasound ○ Hypoechoic metastasis: Usually from hypovascular tumors ○ Hyperechoic metastasis: Hypervascular metastasis ○ “Bull’s-eye” or…
Hepatic Adenoma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) or liver cell adenoma • 2nd most frequent hepatic tumor in young women after focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) Imaging • Heterogeneous, hypervascular, hypo-/iso-/hyperechoic…
Amebic Hepatic Abscess
KEY FACTS Terminology • Localized pus collection in liver due to Entamoeba histolytica with destruction of hepatic parenchyma Imaging • General feature ○ Most often solitary (85%), peripherally located •…
Peribiliary Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cystic dilatation of obstructed periductal glands of bile ducts • Retention cyst of peribiliary gland Imaging • Well-defined, cystic structures adjacent to portal triads • Usually…
Hepatic Microabscesses
KEY FACTS Terminology • Typically refers to hepatic Candida abscesses in immunocompromised patients Imaging • Multiple small, hypoechoic lesions throughout liver (most common pattern) • Target sign (hyperechoic center with…
Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess
KEY FACTS Terminology • Localized collection of pus in liver due to bacterial infectious process with destruction of hepatic parenchyma and stroma Imaging • Cluster sign: Cluster of small pyogenic…
Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Benign tumor composed of dilated vascular channels lined by single layer of endothelial cells and supported by thin, fibrous stroma Imaging • Typical hemangioma: Well-defined, uniformly…
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Venoocclusive Disease)
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hepatic venous outflow obstruction due to occlusion of terminal hepatic venules and sinusoids • Synonym: Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome Imaging • Hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, gallbladder wall thickening…
