Carotid Arteries
TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations • Common (CCA), internal (ICA), and external (ECA) carotid arteries; vertebral artery (VA) GROSS ANATOMY Overview • CCA terminates by dividing into ECA and ICA • ECA is…
Reactive Adenopathy
KEY FACTS Imaging • US is ideal imaging modality for initial assessment of enlarged lymph nodes • Unilateral or bilateral • Reactive adenopathy: Absence of intranodal necrosis ○ Hypoechoic cortex…
Thyroid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Thyroid mass in patient with history of Hashimoto thyroiditis (in 40-80%) • Focal lymphomatous mass/nodule ○ Well defined, solid, hypoechoic, heterogeneous, noncalcified, solitary/multiple, unilateral/bilateral • Diffuse…
Bartholin Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Bartholin glands (or greater vestibular glands) are mucus-secreting glands located in vulvar vestibule, just lateral and inferior to vaginal introitus • Occlusion of Bartholin glands resulting…
Submandibular Sialadenitis
KEY FACTS Imaging • Acute sialadenitis, calculous ○ Unilateral, enlarged, hypoechoic, heterogeneous submandibular gland (SMG) ○ Intra-/extraglandular duct dilatation and calculus ○ Tender on transducer pressure ± ↑ in vascularity…
Aqueductal Stenosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Narrowing/occlusion at aqueduct of Sylvius (between 3rd and 4th ventricles), causing obstructive hydrocephalus Imaging • Moderate to severe ventricular dilatation (> 15 mm) ○ May be…
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
KEY FACTS Terminology • Ventriculoarterial discordance (arteries are switched) ○ Aorta arises from right ventricle (RV), pulmonary artery (PA) arises from left ventricle (LV) Imaging • 4-chamber view is normal…
Hemorrhagic Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hemorrhage into functional cyst in ovarian parenchyma Imaging • Avascular hypoechoic ovarian “mass” with fine, lacy interstices due to fibrin strands • Majority resorb quickly and…
Adenomyosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Ectopic endometrial tissue within myometrium with adjacent smooth muscle hyperplasia Imaging • Globular uterine enlargement, asymmetric myometrial thickening • Poor definition of endometrial-myometrial interface/thickening of junctional…
Ebstein Anomaly
KEY FACTS Terminology • Apical displacement of septal and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets • Coaptation point of tricuspid valve (i.e., where valve leaflets fit together) is lowered into right ventricle…
