Genitourinary Tract
Embryology and Anatomy Kidney Formation • Kidney development undergoes a complicated series of formation and regression of primitive renal structures • Final kidney is formed from interaction of the ureteric…
Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Chemical peritonitis due to intrauterine bowel perforation Imaging • Intraperitoneal calcifications in 85% ○ May be only finding if early perforation has healed • Implants on…
Duplicated Collecting System
KEY FACTS Terminology • Duplicated kidney with separate upper and lower pole collecting systems • Complete or partial duplication: Most in utero are complete Imaging • 2 separate ureters drain…
Prune-Belly Syndrome
KEY FACTS Terminology • Disorder characterized by 3 principle components ○ Dramatic collecting system dilatation ○ Deficiency of abdominal musculature ○ Cryptorchidism (undescended testes) Imaging • Gross dilatation of bladder,…
Duodenal Atresia
KEY FACTS Terminology • Lack of normal duodenal canalization leading to partial (web/stenosis) or complete obstruction (atresia) Imaging • Double bubble : Fluid-filled stomach and duodenum • Persistent fluid in…
Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cloaca is single cavity present in early embryonic development when bladder, genital tract, and bowel are all connected • Spectrum of abnormal anatomy is related to…
Jejunal, Ileal Atresia
KEY FACTS Imaging • Dilated, fluid-filled loops of bowel progressively enlarge ○ Triple bubble for proximal jejunal atresia ○ Sausage-shaped bowel loops • Normal small bowel < 7-mm diameter •…
Esophageal Atresia
KEY FACTS Terminology • Esophagus atresia (EA) often associated with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) Imaging • Small or absent stomach bubble ○ Often difficult to define when stomach is “small” ○…
Bladder Exstrophy
KEY FACTS Terminology • Failure of closure of lower abdominal wall resulting in exposed bladder Imaging • Inability to demonstrate fluid-filled bladder • Soft tissue mass/nodular contour of lower anterior…
Body Stalk Anomaly
KEY FACTS Terminology • Lethal malformation characterized by attachment of viscera to placenta with short or absent umbilical cord Imaging • Gross distortion with complete loss of anatomic landmarks •…
