Omphalocele
KEY FACTS Terminology • Membrane-covered midline abdominal wall defect with herniation of abdominal contents into base of cord Imaging • Liver + small bowel is most common type (large defects)…
Gastroschisis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Bowel herniates through right-sided abdominal wall defect next to normal umbilical cord insertion site • Newborn classification of gastroschisis ○ Simple: Isolated, no other bowel anomalies…
Cleft Lip, Palate
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cleft lip (CL) occurs ± cleft palate (CP) ○ > 80% of fetuses with CL also have CP • Variable classifications, best to be descriptive about…
Cystic Hygroma
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cystic lymphatic disorder involving back and side of neck causing multiseptated fluid-filled mass Imaging • Cystic hygroma (CH) is typically large ○ Multiple internal septations is…
Abdominal Wall and Gastrointestinal Tract
EMBRYOLOGY Bowel Development • Gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms from 1 straight tube ○ Foregut : Forms esophagus, stomach, and duodenum ○ Midgut : Small intestine and colon up to splenic…
Baker Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Synonym: Popliteal cyst Imaging • Fluid distention of semimembranosus-medial gastrocnemius bursa • C-shaped cyst usually anechoic, thin walled, and well defined • Isoechoic or hyperechoic material…
Intrauterine Device
KEY FACTS Terminology • 2 types of intrauterine devices (IUDs) in USA ○ Copper containing ○ Levonorgestrel releasing • Device inserted into endometrial cavity to prevent pregnancy • T-shaped polyethylene…
Endometrial Carcinoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Transvaginal sonography study of choice for initial work-up of abnormal vaginal bleeding • Endometrial thickening: Focal more suspicious than diffuse • Polypoid masses with internal color…
Tuboovarian Abscess
KEY FACTS Terminology • Spectrum of disease, including endometritis, salpingitis, tuboovarian abscess (TOA), and oophoritis Imaging • Transvaginal US is 1st-line modality • Early disease may be subtle • Pyosalpinx:…
